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      Desenlaces del manejo no quirúrgico posterior a neoadyuvancia del cáncer localmente avanzado de recto

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: Describir características clínicas, histopatológicas y desenlaces de pacientes con cáncer localmente avanzado de recto y respuesta clínica completa posterior a la neoadyuvancia, sin manejo quirúrgico. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con cáncer de recto estadios II y III, llevados a quimiorradiación, en seguimiento clínico. Se evaluó supervivencia libre de enfermedad, global y tasa de recaída. Se describen características biológicas (Kras, Ki67, p53) y morfológicas del tumor (grado, invasión linfovascular y perineural). Resultados: Entre enero de 2003 y junio de 2013, 19 pacientes con cáncer localmente avanzado de recto y respuesta clínica completa postneoadyuvancia, no aceptaron el tratamiento quirúrgico radical. Con mediana de seguimiento de 21 meses (4-92 meses), se presentaron recaídas del: 21% en el primer año, 36% a los 3 años y 42% a los 5 años (total: 8 pacientes). Se presentó recaída local en 50% de casos, regional en 50% y no hubo recaída sistémica. La tasa estimada de recaída local fue 2,3 recaídas por 100 pacientes/mes (IC 95%:1,21-4,5) y de recaída regional 1,3 recaídas por 100 pacientes/mes (IC 95%:0,5-3,1). No se estableció relación, entre la expresión de factores biológicos del tumor primario y los desenlaces. Conclusiones: Se ratifica la indicación del tratamiento quirúrgico radical, posterior a la neoadyuvancia, en todos los pacientes con cáncer localmente avanzado de recto. Las bajas tasas de recaída local y regional de nuestra serie, sugieren la posibilidad de resección local u observación, en casos seleccionados. La individualización y deseo del paciente, debe orientar la toma de decisiones.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics and outcomes of patient with non-surgically managed locally advanced rectal cancer and a complete clinical response to neoadjuvant treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of patients with stages II and III rectal cancer, on clinical follow up after subjected to chemoradiotherapy. The overall disease free survival and recurrence rates were evaluated. The biological (Kras, Ki67, p53) and morphological (grade, lymphovascular and perineural invasion) characteristics of the tumor were recorded. Results: Between January 2003 and June 2013, a total of 19 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and a complete clinical response after neoadjuvant treatment, did not accept radical surgical treatment. With a median follow-up of 21 months (range 4-92 months), the recurrences were: 21% in the first year, 36% at 3 years, and 42% at 5 years (total: 8 patients). There was local recurrence in 50% of the cases, regional in 50%, and there were no systemic recurrences. The estimated local recurrence rate was 2.3 recurrences per 100 patients/month (95% CI; 1.21 - 4.5), and a regional recurrence of 1.3 recurrences per 100 patients/month (95% CI: 0.5 - 3.1). No relationship was found between the expression of biological factors of the primary tumor and the outcomes. Conclusions: The indication for radical surgical treatment after neoadjuvant treatment is demonstrated in all patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The low local and regional recurrence rates of this series suggest the possibility of local resection or observation in selected cases. Individualization and the wishes of the patient must be taken into account when making decisions.

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          Most cited references84

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          Cancer Statistics, 2002

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            Tumor Regression Grading of Gastrointestinal Carcinomas after Neoadjuvant Treatment

            Multimodal therapy concepts have been successfully implemented in the treatment of locally advanced gastrointestinal malignancies. The effects of neoadjuvant chemo- or radiochemotherapy such as scarry fibrosis or resorptive changes and inflammation can be determined by histopathological investigation of the subsequent resection specimen. Tumor regression grading (TRG) systems which aim to categorize the amount of regressive changes after cytotoxic treatment mostly refer onto the amount of therapy induced fibrosis in relation to residual tumor or the estimated percentage of residual tumor in relation to the previous tumor site. Commonly used TRGs for upper gastrointestinal carcinomas are the Mandard grading and the Becker grading system, e.g., and for rectal cancer the Dworak or the Rödel grading system, or other systems which follow similar definitions. Namely for gastro-esophageal carcinomas these TRGs provide important prognostic information since complete or subtotal tumor regression has shown to be associated with better patient’s outcome. The prognostic value of TRG may even exceed those of currently used staging systems (e.g., TNM staging) for tumors treated by neoadjuvant therapy. There have been some limitations described regarding interobserver variability especially in borderline cases, which may be improved by standardization of work up of resection specimen and better training of histopathologic determination of regressive changes. It is highly recommended that TRG should be implemented in every histopathological report of neoadjuvant treated gastrointestinal carcinomas. The aim of this review is to disclose the relevance of histomorphological TRG to accomplish an optimal therapy for patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas.
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              NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: rectal cancer.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcc
                Revista Colombiana de Cancerología
                rev.colomb.cancerol.
                Instituto Nacional de Cancerología E.S.E. (Bogotá )
                0123-9015
                September 2014
                : 18
                : 3
                : 109-119
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Colombia
                [2 ] Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Colombia
                [3 ] Instituto Nacional de Cancerología Colombia
                Article
                S0123-90152014000300003
                10.1016/j.rcc.2014.05.003
                f8bcd137-1409-41a5-a4f9-e5b9b4b6d443

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0123-9015&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Non-surgical management,Tumor markers,Cáncer de recto,Terapia neoadyuvante,Respuesta clínica completa,Manejo no quirúrgico,Marcadores tumorales,Rectal cancer,Neoadjuvant therapy,Complete clinical response

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