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      Field Distortion and Optimization of a Vapor Cell in Rydberg Atom-Based Radio-Frequency Electric Field Measurement

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          Abstract

          Highly excited Rydberg atoms in a room-temperature vapor cell are promising for developing a radio-frequency (RF) electric field (E-field) sensor and relevant measurement standards with high accuracy and sensitivity. The all-optical sensing approach is based on electromagnetically-induced transparency and Autler-Townes splitting induced by the RF E-field. Systematic investigation of measurement uncertainty is of great importance for developing a national measurement standard. The presence of a dielectric vapor cell containing alkali atoms changes the magnitude, polarization, and spatial distribution of the incident RF field. In this paper, the field distortion of rubidium vapor cells is investigated, in terms of both field strength distortion and depolarization. Full-wave numerical simulation and analysis are employed to determine general optimization solutions for minimizing such distortion and validated by measuring the E-field vector distribution inside different vapor cells. This work can improve the accuracy of atom-based RF E-field measurements and contributes to the development of related RF quantum sensors.

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          Most cited references22

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          Quantum information with Rydberg atoms

          , , (2012)
          Rydberg atoms with principal quantum number n >> 1 have exaggerated atomic properties including dipole-dipole interactions that scale as n^4 and radiative lifetimes that scale as n^3. It was proposed a decade ago to take advantage of these properties to implement quantum gates between neutral atom qubits. The availability of a strong, long-range interaction that can be coherently turned on and off is an enabling resource for a wide range of quantum information tasks stretching far beyond the original gate proposal. Rydberg enabled capabilities include long-range two-qubit gates, collective encoding of multi-qubit registers, implementation of robust light-atom quantum interfaces, and the potential for simulating quantum many body physics. We review the advances of the last decade, covering both theoretical and experimental aspects of Rydberg mediated quantum information processing.
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            Microwave electrometry with Rydberg atoms in a vapour cell using bright atomic resonances

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              Atomic Sensors – A Review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                22 September 2018
                October 2018
                : 18
                : 10
                : 3205
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China; zhangwf@ 123456nim.ac.cn (W.Z.); skzxmhh@ 123456163.com (H.M.); liuxch@ 123456nim.ac.cn (X.L.); qujf@ 123456nim.ac.cn (J.Q.)
                [2 ]School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
                [3 ]School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
                [4 ]Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; zlj@ 123456sxu.edu.cn
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: songzf@ 123456nim.ac.cn (Z.S.); qwu@ 123456buaa.edu.cn (Q.W.); Tel.: +86-10-6452-5223 (Z.S.)
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-6356
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0142-3932
                Article
                sensors-18-03205
                10.3390/s18103205
                6210492
                30248986
                f8be664b-5f15-4902-8725-861cbd233bd0
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 13 August 2018
                : 19 September 2018
                Categories
                Article

                Biomedical engineering
                rydberg atoms,electromagnetically-induced transparency (eit),radio-frequency (rf) electric field,vapor cell,measurement uncertainty

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