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      High Serum Phospholipid Dihomo-γ-Linoleic Acid Concentration and Low Δ5-Desaturase Activity Are Associated with Increased Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Japanese Adults in the Hitachi Health Study.

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          Abstract

          Background: The association between the circulating fatty acid (FA) composition and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been reported in Western populations, but evidence is scarce among Asian populations, including Japanese, who consume large amounts of fish.Objective:The objective of the present study was to prospectively examine the association between circulating concentrations of individual FAs and T2D incidence among Japanese adults.Methods:We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 4754 employees, aged 34-69 y, who attended a comprehensive health checkup in 2008-2009 and donated blood samples for the Hitachi Health Study. During 5 y of follow-up, diabetes was identified on the basis of plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and self-report. Two controls matched to each case by sex, age, and date of checkup were randomly chosen by using density sampling, resulting in 336 cases and 678 controls with FA measurements. GC was used to measure the FA composition in serum phospholipids. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HRs and 95% CIs after adjusting for potential confounders. We examined the association of T2D risk with 25 different individual and combinations of FAs.Results:T2D risk was positively associated with serum dihomo-γ-linoleic acid concentration (highest compared with the lowest quartile-HR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.11;P-trend = 0.02) and inversely associated with Δ5-desaturase activity (highest compared with the lowest quartile-HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99;P-trend = 0.02), independent of body mass index (BMI). There were also inverse associations between T2D risk with serum total n-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid, andcis-vaccenic acid, but these were attenuated and became nonsignificant after adjustment for BMI. Serum n-3 (ω-3) PUFAs and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were not associated with T2D risk.Conclusions:T2D risk was associated with circulating concentrations of the n-6 PUFA dihomo-γ-linoleic acid and Δ5-desaturase activity but not with n-3 PUFA or SFA concentrations in Japanese adults.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J. Nutr.
          The Journal of nutrition
          American Society for Nutrition
          1541-6100
          0022-3166
          August 2017
          : 147
          : 8
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Departments of Epidemiology and Prevention and samimarub@yahoo.com.
          [2 ] Departments of Epidemiology and Prevention and.
          [3 ] Department of Nutritional Education, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.
          [4 ] Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
          [5 ] Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan.
          [6 ] Clinical Research Coordination, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
          [7 ] Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan; and.
          [8 ] Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
          Article
          jn.117.248997
          10.3945/jn.117.248997
          28637686
          f8c4c398-5d4d-483f-8d58-5cf4371b1fd7
          History

          n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acid,n–6 polyunsaturated fatty acid,saturated fatty acid,type 2 diabetes,fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acid

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