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      ALLMAPS: robust scaffold ordering based on multiple maps

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          Abstract

          The ordering and orientation of genomic scaffolds to reconstruct chromosomes is an essential step during de novo genome assembly. Because this process utilizes various mapping techniques that each provides an independent line of evidence, a combination of multiple maps can improve the accuracy of the resulting chromosomal assemblies. We present ALLMAPS, a method capable of computing a scaffold ordering that maximizes colinearity across a collection of maps. ALLMAPS is robust against common mapping errors, and generates sequences that are maximally concordant with the input maps. ALLMAPS is a useful tool in building high-quality genome assemblies. ALLMAPS is available at: https://github.com/tanghaibao/jcvi/wiki/ALLMAPS.

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          Most cited references34

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          The Sorghum bicolor genome and the diversification of grasses.

          Sorghum, an African grass related to sugar cane and maize, is grown for food, feed, fibre and fuel. We present an initial analysis of the approximately 730-megabase Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench genome, placing approximately 98% of genes in their chromosomal context using whole-genome shotgun sequence validated by genetic, physical and syntenic information. Genetic recombination is largely confined to about one-third of the sorghum genome with gene order and density similar to those of rice. Retrotransposon accumulation in recombinationally recalcitrant heterochromatin explains the approximately 75% larger genome size of sorghum compared with rice. Although gene and repetitive DNA distributions have been preserved since palaeopolyploidization approximately 70 million years ago, most duplicated gene sets lost one member before the sorghum-rice divergence. Concerted evolution makes one duplicated chromosomal segment appear to be only a few million years old. About 24% of genes are grass-specific and 7% are sorghum-specific. Recent gene and microRNA duplications may contribute to sorghum's drought tolerance.
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            Synteny and collinearity in plant genomes.

            Correlated gene arrangements among taxa provide a valuable framework for inference of shared ancestry of genes and for the utilization of findings from model organisms to study less-well-understood systems. In angiosperms, comparisons of gene arrangements are complicated by recurring polyploidy and extensive genome rearrangement. New genome sequences and improved analytical approaches are clarifying angiosperm evolution and revealing patterns of differential gene loss after genome duplication and differential gene retention associated with evolution of some morphological complexity. Because of variability in DNA substitution rates among taxa and genes, deviation from collinearity might be a more reliable phylogenetic character.
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              Assembly algorithms for next-generation sequencing data.

              The emergence of next-generation sequencing platforms led to resurgence of research in whole-genome shotgun assembly algorithms and software. DNA sequencing data from the Roche 454, Illumina/Solexa, and ABI SOLiD platforms typically present shorter read lengths, higher coverage, and different error profiles compared with Sanger sequencing data. Since 2005, several assembly software packages have been created or revised specifically for de novo assembly of next-generation sequencing data. This review summarizes and compares the published descriptions of packages named SSAKE, SHARCGS, VCAKE, Newbler, Celera Assembler, Euler, Velvet, ABySS, AllPaths, and SOAPdenovo. More generally, it compares the two standard methods known as the de Bruijn graph approach and the overlap/layout/consensus approach to assembly. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tanghaibao@gmail.com
                tanger.zhang@gmail.com
                miaochenyong@163.com
                zjisen@gmail.com
                rming@life.illinois.edu
                james.schnable@gmail.com
                schnable@iastate.edu
                elyons.uoa@gmail.com
                jianguonk@gmail.com
                Journal
                Genome Biol
                Genome Biology
                BioMed Central (London )
                1465-6906
                1465-6914
                13 January 2015
                13 January 2015
                2015
                : 16
                : 1
                : 3
                Affiliations
                [ ]Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 Fujian Province China
                [ ]School of Plant Sciences, iPlant Collaborative, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
                [ ]Data2Bio LLC, 2079 Roy J. Carver Co-Lab, Ames, Iowa 50011 USA
                [ ]J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
                [ ]Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
                [ ]Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
                [ ]Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Harbin, 150070 China
                Article
                573
                10.1186/s13059-014-0573-1
                4305236
                25583564
                f8d37623-1416-400b-912e-409b2f1b6d67
                © Tang et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 15 June 2014
                : 15 December 2014
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                © The Author(s) 2015

                Genetics
                Genetics

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