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      El papel de la Veterinaria Militar en brotes epidémicos a tenor de la COVID-19 Translated title: The role of the Military Veterinary corps in epidemic outbreaks, according to covid19

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La salud humana y la sanidad animal están entrelazadas y vinculadas a los ecosistemas. La gran mayoría de las enfermedades emergentes tienen un origen animal, donde un microorganismo entra en contacto con el hombre a través de una o varias especies animales al compartir o modificar un ecosistema dado. La forma de vida globalizada por el transporte internacional puede provocar además que un brote de enfermedad se convierta en una epidemia o en una pandemia como ha sido el caso de la COVID-19. El enfoque transversal que aporta la filosofía One Health de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) resulta vital para hacer frente a las amenazas biológicas que acechan a la sociedad. El papel de la Veterinaria Militar, en la prevención y control de los brotes epidémicos dentro los equipos sanitarios militares multidisciplinares, aporta una visión amplia y experimentada para hacer frente a los retos que se plantean en aquellas situaciones epidemiológicas donde el entorno de la seguridad nacional pueda estar comprometido.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY Human and animal health are intertwined and linked to ecosystems. The vast majority of emerging diseases have an animal origin, where a microorganism comes into contact with man through one or more animal species by sharing or modifying a given ecosystem. The way of life globalized by international transport can also cause an outbreak of disease to become an epidemic or a pandemic, as has been the case of COVID-19. The transversal approach provided by the One Health philosophy of the World Health Organization (WHO) is vital to face the biological threats that lie in wait for society. The role of the Military Veterinary in the prevention and control of epidemic outbreaks within multidisciplinary military health teams provides a broad and experienced vision to face the challenges that arise in those epidemiological situations where the national security environment may be compromised.

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          Most cited references40

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          Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor

          A new and highly pathogenic coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, SARS-CoV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China, starting from December 2019 that quickly spread nationwide and to other countries around the world1-3. Here, to better understand the initial step of infection at an atomic level, we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 bound to the cell receptor ACE2. The overall ACE2-binding mode of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD is nearly identical to that of the SARS-CoV RBD, which also uses ACE2 as the cell receptor4. Structural analysis identified residues in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD that are essential for ACE2 binding, the majority of which either are highly conserved or share similar side chain properties with those in the SARS-CoV RBD. Such similarity in structure and sequence strongly indicate convergent evolution between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV RBDs for improved binding to ACE2, although SARS-CoV-2 does not cluster within SARS and SARS-related coronaviruses1-3,5. The epitopes of two SARS-CoV antibodies that target the RBD are also analysed for binding to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, providing insights into the future identification of cross-reactive antibodies.
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            Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus

            The recent emergence of Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV) puts the world on alert. 2019-nCoV is reminiscent of the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002 to 2003. Our decade-long structural studies on the receptor recognition by SARS-CoV have identified key interactions between SARS-CoV spike protein and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV. One of the goals of SARS-CoV research was to build an atomic-level iterative framework of virus-receptor interactions to facilitate epidemic surveillance, predict species-specific receptor usage, and identify potential animal hosts and animal models of viruses. Based on the sequence of 2019-nCoV spike protein, we apply this predictive framework to provide novel insights into the receptor usage and likely host range of 2019-nCoV. This study provides a robust test of this reiterative framework, providing the basic, translational, and public health research communities with predictive insights that may help study and battle this novel 2019-nCoV.
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              Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2

              Summary A novel SARS-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged and is rapidly spreading in humans 1,2 . A key to tackling this epidemic is to understand the virus’s receptor recognition mechanism, which regulates its infectivity, pathogenesis and host range. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV recognize the same receptor - human ACE2 (hACE2) 3,4 . Here we determined the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) (engineered to facilitate crystallization) in complex of hACE2. Compared with SARS-CoV RBD, a hACE2-binding ridge in SARS-CoV-2 RBD takes a more compact conformation; moreover, several residue changes in SARS-CoV-2 RBD stabilize two virus-binding hotspots at the RBD/hACE2 interface. These structural features of SARS-CoV-2 RBD enhance its hACE2-binding affinity. Additionally, we showed that RaTG13, a bat coronavirus closely related to SARS-CoV-2, also uses hACE2 as its receptor. The differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and RaTG13 in hACE2 recognition shed light on potential animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study provides guidance for intervention strategies targeting receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                sm
                Sanidad Militar
                Sanid. Mil.
                Ministerio de Defensa (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1887-8571
                June 2020
                : 76
                : 2
                : 106-110
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameMinisterio de Defensa orgdiv1Estado Mayor de la Defensa orgdiv2Jefatura de Sanidad Operativa
                [2] Córdoba orgnameMinisterio de Defensa orgdiv1Subdirección General de Administración Periférica orgdiv2Laboratorio de Investigación Aplicada
                Article
                S1887-85712020000200010 S1887-8571(20)07600200010
                10.4321/s1887-85712020000200010
                f8d9951e-7822-4e06-8525-153958c2dd86

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                : 20 June 2020
                : 18 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Informe

                brote epidémico,zoonosis,COVID-19,SARS-CoV-2,pandemia,Army Veterinary,Veterinaria Militar,pandemic,outbreak

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