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      Performance de l´imagerie par résonance magnétique dans l´approche histopathologique des tumeurs parotidiennes Translated title: Performance of the magnetic resonance imaging in parotid gland tumor histopathology

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          la glande parotide est le siège préférentiel des tumeurs des glandes salivaires. Ces tumeurs sont rares mais se distinguent par une grande diversité histologique, posant ainsi des difficultés diagnostiques. L´imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) constitue actuellement le moyen d´imagerie le plus fiable dans l´exploration de ces tumeurs. Le but de notre étude était de préciser la valeur diagnostique de l'IRM et son rôle dans l'approche histopathologique de ces tumeurs.

          Méthodes

          il s´agissait d´une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique ayant porté sur 50 cas de tumeurs de la parotide, opérés et pris en charge dans le service d´oto-rhino-laryngologie, et de chirurgie cervico-faciale de l´Hôpital Taher Sfar de Mahdia entre 2001 et 2019. Tous nos patients ont été explorés par une IRM parotidienne en préopératoire.

          Résultats

          parmi les 50 patients inclus dans notre étude, 36 (72%) présentaient une tumeur bénigne et 14 (28%) une tumeur maligne. La sensibilité de l´IRM pour le diagnostic de malignité était de 92,8% avec une spécificité de 97,2%, une valeur prédictive négative de 93% et une valeur prédictive positive de 97%. Concernant la caractérisation des tumeurs bénignes, l´IRM a évoqué le diagnostic de tumeur de Warthin dans tous les cas (13 cas) et le diagnostic d´adénome pléomorphe dans 22 cas parmi 23. Il y´avait 2 erreurs diagnostiqués: l´IRM a évoqué à tort le diagnostic d´adénome pléomorphe dans un cas de carcinome adénoïde kystique et elle a évoqué une tumeur maligne dans un cas d´adénome pléomorphe devant une restriction de diffusion.

          Conclusion

          l´IRM est hautement performante dans l´appréciation de la nature histologique de la tumeur parotidienne et surtout après l´avènement des nouvelles séquences fonctionnelles. Toutefois, seule l´analyse histologique permet de confirmer avec certitude le diagnostic de nature de la lésion.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          salivary gland tumors mainly occur in the parotid gland. These tumors are rare but are characterized by histological heterogeneity, thus posing diagnostic challenges. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently the most reliable imaging test for the evaluation of these tumors. The purpose of this study was to highlight the diagnostic value of MRI and its role in parotid gland tumor histopathology.

          Methods

          we conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study of 50 patients with parotid gland tumor, operated and treated in the ear, nose and throat (ENT) Department and in the Department of cervicofacial surgery at the Tahar Sfar University Hospital of Mahdia between 2001 and 2019. All patients underwent preoperative MRI of the parotid gland.

          Results

          out of 50 patients included in the study, 36 (72%) had benign tumor and 14 (28%) malignant tumor. The sensitivity of MRI for the diagnosis of malignant tumor was 92.8% with a specificity of 97.2%, a negative predictive value of 93% and a positive predictive value of 97%. With respect to benign tumor characterization, MRI suggested the diagnosis of Warthin tumor in all cases (13 cases) and of pleomorphic adenoma in 22 out of 23 cases. There were two diagnostic errors: MRI suggested the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma instead of adenoid cystic carcinoma in one case and of malignant tumor instead of pleomorphic adenoma due to diffusion restriction.

          Conclusion

          MRI is highly efficient in the assessment of parotid tumor histology and, especially, after the advent of new functional sequences. However, only histological examination allows to confirm with certainty the diagnosis.

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          Most cited references17

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          Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: consensus and recommendations.

          On May 3, 2008, a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored open consensus conference was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, during the 2008 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Meeting. Approximately 100 experts and stakeholders summarized the current understanding of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and reached consensus on the use of DW-MRI as a cancer imaging biomarker. DW-MRI should be tested as an imaging biomarker in the context of well-defined clinical trials, by adding DW-MRI to existing NCI-sponsored trials, particularly those with tissue sampling or survival indicators. Where possible, DW-MRI measurements should be compared with histologic indices including cellularity and tissue response. There is a need for tissue equivalent diffusivity phantoms; meanwhile, simple fluid-filled phantoms should be used. Monoexponential assessments of apparent diffusion coefficient values should use two b values (>100 and between 500 and 1000 mm2/sec depending on the application). Free breathing with multiple acquisitions is superior to complex gating techniques. Baseline patient reproducibility studies should be part of study designs. Both region of interest and histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements should be obtained. Standards for measurement, analysis, and display are needed. Annotated data from validation studies (along with outcome measures) should be made publicly available. Magnetic resonance imaging vendors should be engaged in this process. The NCI should establish a task force of experts (physicists, radiologists, and oncologists) to plan, organize technical aspects, and conduct pilot trials. The American College of Radiology Imaging Network infrastructure may be suitable for these purposes. There is an extraordinary opportunity for DW-MRI to evolve into a clinically valuable imaging tool, potentially important for drug development.
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            Head and neck lesions: characterization with diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging.

            To evaluate whether apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) calculated from diffusion-weighted echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to characterize head and neck lesions. Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging was performed with a 1.5-T MR unit in 97 head and neck lesions in 97 patients. Images were obtained with a diffusion-weighted factor, factor b, of 0, 500, and 1,000 sec/mm(2), and an ADC map was constructed. The ADCs of lesions, cerebrospinal fluid, and spinal cord were calculated. Acceptable images for ADC measurement were obtained in 81 (84%) patients. The mean ADC of malignant lymphomas, (0.66 +/- 0.17[SD]) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (n = 13), was significantly smaller (P <.001) than that of carcinomas. The mean ADC of carcinomas, (1.13 +/- 0.43) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (n = 36), was significantly smaller (P =.002) than that of benign solid tumors. The mean ADC of benign solid tumors, (1.56 +/- 0.51) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (n = 22), was significantly smaller (P =.035) than that of benign cystic lesions, (2.05 +/- 0.62) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (n = 10). No significant differences were seen in the mean ADC of cerebrospinal fluid and of spinal cord among four groups of lesions. When an ADC smaller than 1.22 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec was used for predicting malignancy, the highest accuracy of 86%, with 84% sensitivity and 91% specificity, was obtained. Measurement of ADCs may be used to characterize head and neck lesions.
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              The accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology for diagnosis of parotid gland masses: a clinicopathological study of 114 patients

              ABSTRACT Objective Fine-needle aspiration cytology is a valuable method for preoperative assessment of head and neck tumors. However, its accuracy in detection of salivary gland masses is controversial compared with other methods. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of parotid gland masses. Material and Methods Over a 10-year period, 126 parotid gland masses were resected. Retrospective chart reviews of 114 patients were performed. The results of FNAC and final histological diagnosis were compared and the accuracy of FNAC was determined. Results Final histological evaluation revealed 11 malignant tumors and 103 benign lesions. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common neoplasm (63%), followed by Warthin’s tumor (17.5%). The sensitivity of FNAC in detecting malignant tumors was 73% and the specificity was 97%. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 73% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 97%. The overall accuracy of FNAC in detecting parotid masses was 95%. False-negative diagnosis was found in mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma whereas there was false-positive diagnosis in cases of pleomorphic adenoma and normal parotid gland tissue. Conclusion FNAC is a reliable minimally invasive diagnostic method with a high sensitivity in diagnosis of lesions in parotid glands. The sensitivity of detection of malignant tumors in parotid glands was low due to the biopsy technique used, and depended on tumor location. Postoperative complications decreased after superficial parotidectomy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                04 May 2021
                2021
                : 39
                : 10
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Département d´Oto-rhino-laryngologie, Hôpital Tahar Sfar Mahdia, Mahdia, Tunisia,
                [2 ]Département d´Imagerie Médicale, Hôpital Tahar Sfar Mahdia, Mahdia, Tunisia
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Mohamed Masmoudi, Département d´Oto-rhino-laryngologie, Hôpital Tahar Sfar Mahdia, Mahdia, Tunisia. masmoudi.med22@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                PAMJ-39-10
                10.11604/pamj.2021.39.10.27813
                8197060
                34178238
                f90c5a76-367d-47cb-8bcb-839375f4f5eb
                Copyright: Mohamed Masmoudi et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal (ISSN: 1937-8688). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 11 January 2021
                : 20 April 2021
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                tumeur,glande parotide,irm,cancer,warthin,adénome pléomorphe,tumor,parotid gland,mri,pleomorphic adenoma
                Medicine
                tumeur, glande parotide, irm, cancer, warthin, adénome pléomorphe, tumor, parotid gland, mri, pleomorphic adenoma

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