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      Early childhood investment impacts social decision-making four decades later

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          Abstract

          Early childhood educational investment produces positive effects on cognitive and non-cognitive skills, health, and socio-economic success. However, the effects of such interventions on social decision-making later in life are unknown. We recalled participants from one of the oldest randomized controlled studies of early childhood investment—the Abecedarian Project (ABC)—to participate in well-validated interactive economic games that probe social norm enforcement and planning. We show that in a repeated-play ultimatum game, ABC participants who received high-quality early interventions strongly reject unequal division of money across players (disadvantageous or advantageous) even at significant cost to themselves. Using a multi-round trust game and computational modeling of social exchange, we show that the same intervention participants also plan further into the future. These findings suggest that high quality early childhood investment can result in long-term changes in social decision-making and promote social norm enforcement in order to reap future benefits.

          Abstract

          Early childhood educational intervention has positive outcomes in adulthood, including higher education attainment, economic status, and overall health. This study shows that adults who underwent such intervention have greater enforcement of equality norm during social decision-making, potentially motivated by future planning.

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          Most cited references23

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          Eta-Squared and Partial Eta-Squared in Fixed Factor Anova Designs

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              Social neuroeconomics: the neural circuitry of social preferences.

              Combining the methods of neuroscience and economics generates powerful tools for studying the brain processes behind human social interaction. We argue that hedonic interpretations of theories of social preferences provide a useful framework that generates interesting predictions and helps interpret brain activations involved in altruistic, fair and trusting behaviors. These behaviors are consistently associated with activation in reward-related brain areas, such as the striatum, and with prefrontal activity implicated in cognitive control, the processing of emotions, and integration of benefits and costs, consistent with resolution of a conflict between self-interest and other-regarding motives.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                read@vtc.vt.edu
                Journal
                Nat Commun
                Nat Commun
                Nature Communications
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2041-1723
                20 November 2018
                20 November 2018
                2018
                : 9
                : 4705
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0694 4940, GRID grid.438526.e, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, ; Roanoke, VA 24016 USA
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2292 3357, GRID grid.14848.31, Université de Montréal, ; Montreal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9799 7097, GRID grid.4332.6, Austrian Institute of Technology, ; 1210 Vienna, Austria
                [4 ]ISNI 0000000121901201, GRID grid.83440.3b, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, , University College London, ; 12 Queen Square, London, WC1E 6BT UK
                [5 ]ISNI 0000000121901201, GRID grid.83440.3b, Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, , University College London, ; London, WC1E 6BT UK
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0423 5990, GRID grid.466510.0, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, ; 21 Maresfield Gardens, London, NW3 5SD UK
                [7 ]ISNI 0000000121901201, GRID grid.83440.3b, Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, , University College London, ; Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
                [8 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0694 4940, GRID grid.438526.e, Psychiatry Department, , Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, ; Roanoke, VA 24016 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1581-0765
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-0091
                Article
                7138
                10.1038/s41467-018-07138-5
                6246600
                30459305
                f94d3657-a5a3-42c1-89f5-20aa1c8b6406
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 22 May 2018
                : 11 October 2018
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