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      Factors Associated With the Intention to Participate in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Frontline Prevention Activities Among Nursing Students in Vietnam: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Medical students have been serving as a key part of the frontline health workforce responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic globally. Their contribution is especially important in the resource-scarce settings of developing nations such as Vietnam. Yet, the intention of medical students, in particular, nursing students, to participate in COVID-19 frontline prevention activities has not been well-understood. This study aimed to examine factors associated with the intentionto participate in COVID-19 frontline prevention activities among Vietnamese nursing students.

          Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 597 students in December 2020 in Hanoi, Vietnam. Information regarding the socioeconomic characteristics of participants, their source of COVID-19 related knowledge, and their perception and attitude toward participating in COVID-19 frontline activities [based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)] was collected. A hierarchical regression model was employed to examine the association between intentions of students and associated factors.

          Results: A positive intention to participate in COVID-19 frontline prevention activities was found (mean score of 25.3 over 35; SD = 4.4; min = 5; max = 35). Attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) was found to be significantly associated with the intention of students. These variables explained the 37% variation in the intention of students in the model. Among three factors, subjective norm showed the strongest correlation with intention of students (β = 0.358; p < 0.001). Obtaining information from official sources and community was also found to be positively correlated with intention to participate.

          Conclusion: Most of the respondents reported a positive intention to participate in COVID-19 frontline prevention activities. The findings suggested that the TPB was a good instrument to predict the intention to perform behavior among Vietnamese students. Enhancing the positive attitude of students, encouraging family and community supports, and providing adequately essential resources will contribute to optimizing the participation of students to confront COVID-19.

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          The theory of planned behavior

          Icek Ajzen (1991)
          Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211
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            Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong

            Christl Donnelly, Azra C. Ghani, Gabriel Leung … (2003)
            Summary Background Health authorities worldwide, especially in the Asia Pacific region, are seeking effective public-health interventions in the continuing epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). We assessed the epidemiology of SARS in Hong Kong. Methods We included 1425 cases reported up to April 28, 2003. An integrated database was constructed from several sources containing information on epidemiological, demographic, and clinical variables. We estimated the key epidemiological distributions: infection to onset, onset to admission, admission to death, and admission to discharge. We measured associations between the estimated case fatality rate and patients’age and the time from onset to admission. Findings After the initial phase of exponential growth, the rate of confirmed cases fell to less than 20 per day by April 28. Public-health interventions included encouragement to report to hospital rapidly after the onset of clinical symptoms, contact tracing for confirmed and suspected cases, and quarantining, monitoring, and restricting the travel of contacts. The mean incubation period of the disease is estimated to be 6.4 days (95% Cl 5.2–7.7). The mean time from onset of clinical symptoms to admission to hospital varied between 3 and 5 days, with longer times earlier in the epidemic. The estimated case fatality rate was 13.2% (9.8–16.8) for patients younger than 60 years and 43.3% (35.2–52.4) for patients aged 60 years or older assuming a parametric γ distribution. A non-parametric method yielded estimates of 6.8% (4.0–9.6) and 55.0% (45.3–64.7), respectively. Case clusters have played an important part in the course of the epidemic. Interpretation Patients’age was strongly associated with outcome. The time between onset of symptoms and admission to hospital did not alter outcome, but shorter intervals will be important to the wider population by restricting the infectious period before patients are placed in quarantine. Published online May 7, 2003 http://image.thelancet.com/extras/03art4453web.pdf
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              Medical Student Mobilization During a Crisis: Lessons From a COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team

              Derek Soled, Shivangi Goel, Danika Barry … (2020)
              Problem On March 17, 2020, the Association of American Medical Colleges recommended the suspension of all direct patient contact responsibilities for medical students because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this change, medical students nationwide had to grapple with how and where they could fill the evolving needs of their schools’ affiliated clinical sites, physicians, and patients and the community. Approach At Harvard Medical School (HMS), student leaders created a COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team to: (1) develop a student-led organizational structure that would optimize students’ ability to efficiently mobilize interested peers in the COVID-19 response, both clinically and in the community, in a strategic, safe, smart, and resource-conscious way; and (2) serve as a liaison with the administration and hospital leaders to identify evolving needs and rapidly engage students in those efforts. Outcomes Within a week of its inception, the COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team had more than 500 medical student volunteers from HMS and had shared the organizational framework of the response team with multiple medical schools across the country. The HMS student volunteers joined any of the 4 virtual committees to complete this work: Education for the Medical Community, Education for the Broader Community, Activism for Clinical Support, and Community Activism. Next Steps The COVID-19 Medical Student Response Team helped to quickly mobilize hundreds of students and has been integrated into HMS’s daily workflow. It may serve as a useful model for other schools and hospitals seeking medical student assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Next steps include expanding the initiative further, working with the leaders of response teams at other medical schools to coordinate efforts, and identifying new areas of need at local hospitals and within nearby communities that might benefit from medical student involvement as the pandemic evolves.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Front Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Front. Public Health
                Title: Frontiers in Public Health
                Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2296-2565
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 July 2021
                Publication date Collection: 2021
                Publication date PMC-release: 02 July 2021
                Volume: 9
                Electronic Location Identifier: 699079
                Affiliations
                [1] 1School of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University , Hanoi, Vietnam
                [2] 2College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity , Hanoi, Vietnam
                [3] 3Hanoi Medical College , Hanoi, Vietnam
                [4] 4Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University , Da Nang, Vietnam
                [5] 5Faculty of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University , Da Nang, Vietnam
                [6] 6Center of Excellence in Evidence-based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University , Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
                Author notes

                Edited by: Jongnam Hwang, Wonkwang University, South Korea

                Reviewed by: Ralitsa Raycheva, Plovdiv Medical University, Bulgaria; Dung T. Phung, Griffith University, Australia

                *Correspondence: Tham Thi Nguyen tham.ighi@ 123456gmail.com

                This article was submitted to Public Health Policy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Public Health

                Article
                DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.699079
                PMC ID: 8283521
                PubMed ID: 34277556
                SO-VID: f9553c4a-fa7a-41c2-83e6-53e2a5d8977d
                Copyright © Copyright © 2021 Tran, Nguyen, Bui, Tran, Nguyen, Nguyen, Nguyen and Nguyen.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                Date received : 22 April 2021
                Date accepted : 04 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 8, Words: 5399
                Categories
                Subject: Public Health
                Subject: Original Research

                Keywords: intention,covid-19,frontline,nursing students,the theory of planned behavior
                Data availability:
                Keywords: intention, covid-19, frontline, nursing students, the theory of planned behavior

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