19
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Rapid behavioral assay using handling test provides breed and sex differences in tameness of chickens

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Japanese indigenous chicken breeds are often used to improve meat quality rather than broilers in the Jidori industry. There are sometimes severe crowding accidents caused by many birds frightened by environmental stimuli. To prevent the economic loss, the chickens need to be more gentle, tame, and imperturbable.

          Methods

          In this study, a new handling test for tameness in adult chickens in individual cages was performed with 100 birds from each sex of Shamo, Rhode Island Red, Nagoya, Australorp, and Ukokkei, as well as 10 hens of F 1 hybrid between Shamo and Rhode Island Red, to measure both active and passive tameness. We counted the number heading toward human hands (heading) and retreating in other directions (avoiding) in both active and passive tameness phases, as well as the number of steps taken (step) during the handling test.

          Results

          Male chickens exhibited higher avoidance behavior than females. Nagoya females displayed the lowest level of avoidance behavior, which implies passive tameness. In terms of active tameness, a variety of phenotypes can be obtained in different combinations of breed and sex. These results suggested the handling test will be good method for rapid screening of individual differences in tameness. In addition, there were heterosis effects on avoidance and locomotive behaviors. Since F 1 is often used in the Jidori industry, the breeders should be tested not only for meat production but also for tameness.

          Conclusions

          In the future, combining both the behavioral screening and the population genomics will establish typical evidence about mechanisms of tameness and domestication in animals.

          Abstract

          In this study, a new handling test for tameness in adult chickens in individual cages was performed with 100 birds from each sex of Shamo, Rhode Island Red, Nagoya, Australorp, and Ukokkei, as well as 10 hens of F1 hybrid between Shamo and Rhode Island Red, to measure both active and passive tameness. Male chickens exhibited higher avoidance behavior than females, whereas Nagoya females displayed the lowest level of avoidance behavior, which implies passive tameness. These results suggested the handling test will be good method for rapid screening of individual differences in tameness.

          Related collections

          Most cited references30

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet.

          The domestication of dogs was an important episode in the development of human civilization. The precise timing and location of this event is debated and little is known about the genetic changes that accompanied the transformation of ancient wolves into domestic dogs. Here we conduct whole-genome resequencing of dogs and wolves to identify 3.8 million genetic variants used to identify 36 genomic regions that probably represent targets for selection during dog domestication. Nineteen of these regions contain genes important in brain function, eight of which belong to nervous system development pathways and potentially underlie behavioural changes central to dog domestication. Ten genes with key roles in starch digestion and fat metabolism also show signals of selection. We identify candidate mutations in key genes and provide functional support for an increased starch digestion in dogs relative to wolves. Our results indicate that novel adaptations allowing the early ancestors of modern dogs to thrive on a diet rich in starch, relative to the carnivorous diet of wolves, constituted a crucial step in the early domestication of dogs.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found
            Is Open Access

            Carcass composition and yield of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets.

            The yield of carcass parts as well as levels of carcass fat, moisture, and ash were measured in the 1957 Athens-Canadian Randombred Control (ACRBC) and in the Ross 308 commercial broiler, when fed diets that were representative of those being fed during 1957 and 2001. The Ross 308 was used to represent 2001 commercial broilers. Comparisons of carcass weights of the Ross 308 on the 2001 diet versus the ACRBC on the 1957 diet showed they were 6.0, 5.9, 5.2, and 4.6 times heavier than the ACRBC at 43, 57, 71, and 85 d of age, respectively. Yields of hot carcass without giblets (fat pad included) were 12.3, 13.6, 12.2, and 11.1 percentage points higher for the Ross 308 than for the ACRBC at those ages. The yields of total breast meat for the Ross 308 were 20.0, 21.3, 21.9, and 22.2% and were 8.4, 9.9, 10.3, and 9.8 percentage points higher than for the ACRBC at those ages. Yields of saddle and legs for the Ross 308 broiler were approximately 31 to 32% over the four ages and were about 1.5 to 2% higher than for the ACRBC at the different ages. The Ross 308 averaged 13.7, 15.0, 18.6, and 18.5% whole carcass fat versus 8.5, 10.6, 12.7, and 14.0% for the ACRBC at the four ages. In conjunction with previous studies, the current data show that yield of broiler carcass parts has continued to increase over time and that genetics has been the major contributor to changes in yield.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Growth, livability, and feed conversion of 1957 versus 2001 broilers when fed representative 1957 and 2001 broiler diets

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                tats.goto@obihiro.ac.jp
                Journal
                Brain Behav
                Brain Behav
                10.1002/(ISSN)2157-9032
                BRB3
                Brain and Behavior
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2162-3279
                28 August 2019
                October 2019
                : 9
                : 10 ( doiID: 10.1002/brb3.v9.10 )
                : e01394
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Life and Food Sciences Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro Japan
                [ 2 ] Agricultural Research Department Animal Research Center Hokkaido Research Organization Sapporo Japan
                [ 3 ] Research Center for Global Agromedicine Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine Obihiro Japan
                [ 4 ]Present address: Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi‐Hiroshima Japan
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Tatsuhiko Goto, Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080‐8555, Japan.

                Email: tats.goto@ 123456obihiro.ac.jp

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-7533
                Article
                BRB31394
                10.1002/brb3.1394
                6790303
                31456336
                f95f1070-f48b-4cdd-b776-0638c4e10e2b
                © 2019 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 30 July 2019
                : 03 August 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 0, Pages: 9, Words: 6845
                Categories
                Original Research
                Original Research
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                October 2019
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.0 mode:remove_FC converted:13.10.2019

                Neurosciences
                behavior,breed,chickens,heterosis,sex,tameness
                Neurosciences
                behavior, breed, chickens, heterosis, sex, tameness

                Comments

                Comment on this article