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      Antígeno carcinoembrionário no diagnóstico diferencial dos derrames pleurais Translated title: Carcinoembryonic antigen in differential diagnosis of pleural effusion

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Analisar a sensibilidade e a especificidade da dosagem do CEA no diagnóstico diferencial do derrame pleural de pacientes portadores de doenças benígnas e malígnas. MÉTODO: Estudo contemporâneo de série de casos, realizado do Serviço de Cirurgia Torácica do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Entre julho de 2000 e julho de 2001, 64 pacientes foram submetidos à investigação etiológica de efusão pleural,e submetidos aos seguintes exames: pH, LDH, dosagem protêica, densidade, glicose, citologia diferencial, pesquisa de fungos e BAAR, gram e cultura com antibiograma, citopatologia, dosagem de CEA e biópsia pleural. RESULTADOS: Pacientes com derrames de etiologia maligna (n=26) tiveram resultado do CEA variando de zero a 5000ng/ml, enquanto nos de etiologia benígna os valores variaram de zero a 4,8ng/ml. Nível médio de CEA na efusão carcinomatosa foi de 431 ± 1237 ng/ml (média ± desvio padrão), significativamente maior que nos benignos (1,1 ± 1,0 ng/ml; p<0,001). A sensibilidade, para um ponto de corte de 5 ng/ml, foi de 61,5% e a especificidade de 100%. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes com efusão pleural, quando investigados do ponto de vista etiológico, a dosagem do CEA pode ser útil para critério diagnóstico.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: To analyze patients with diagnosis of benign or malignant diseases, in whose evolution develop pleural effusion, in which CEA measurement was questioned in relation to sensitivity and specificity in the differentiation of these two groups. METHODS: Prospective consecutive case series of the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Conceição Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil. From July 2000 to December 2001, 64 patients were subjected to clinical investigation in search for a pleural effusion aetiology. All patients underwent the following laboratory evaluation of pleural fluid: pH, LDH, proteins, density, glucose, differential cytology, bacterial culture, search for fungus and acid-fast bacilli, cytology, CEA determination and pleural biopsy. RESULTS: Patients with malignant etiologic diagnosis (n=26), had CEA results ranging from zero to 5000 ng/ ml, while benign cases results were from zero to 4.8 ng/ml. CEA level in malignant fluids was of 431 ± 1237 ng/ml (mean ± SE), significantly higher than benign fluids (1.1 ± 1.0 ng/ml; p< 0.001). Sensitivity, for a cut-off of 5 ng/ml, was 61.5% and specificity of 100%. CONCLUSION: We conclude that for patients with pleural effusion, CEA concentrations may represent an useful criteria to diagnosis.

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          Most cited references21

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          Pleural diseases

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            A new classification of parapneumonic effusions and empyema.

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              CYFRA 21-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Evaluation as a tumor marker in non-small cell lung cancer.

              The CYFRA 21-1, a newly developed sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was used to measure soluble cytokeratin 19 fragment in serum that is expressed in simple epithelium and its malignant counterpart. The present study was designed to investigate whether CYFRA 21-1 is a sensitive and specific tumor marker for non-small cell lung cancer. CYFRA 21-1 assay, using two specific monoclonal antibodies (KS 19.1 and BM 19.21) for cytokeratin 19, was measured in 312 serum samples, including 164 lung cancer, 118 benign pulmonary disease, and 30 healthy individuals. The sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 was also compared with two other markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), in 164 patients with lung cancer. The median value of healthy individuals was 1.3 ng/mL (95th percentile 1.8). In patients with benign pulmonary diseases, the median was 1.5 ng/mL (95th percentile 2.9). There is no significant difference between sexes, smoking habit, and the subgroups of benign pulmonary disease, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, or COPD. Using the cutoff value of 3.3 ng/mL, defined at 95% specificity for benign lung disease, the sensitivities of CYFRA 21-1 for squamous cell carcinoma (n=74), adenocarcinoma (n=54), undifferentiated large cell carcinoma (n=11), and small cell lung cancer (n=25) were 62%, 39%, 36%, and 20%, respectively. Despite the cell types, the sensitivities of CYFRA 21-1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n=169) were 51% (CEA 42%, SCC 20%). The sensitivity of CEA was significantly higher in patients with adenocarcinoma (58%) than other markers; while in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, CYFRA 21-1 assay has the highest sensitivity. The median level of CYFRA 21-1 in squamous cell carcinoma is significantly higher than that of other cell types (Mann-Whitney test, p 0.1). For patients with NSCLC, especially in squamous cell carcinoma, CYFRA 21-1 is not only a sensitive and specific tumor marker, but also may be a useful adjunctive marker for disease monitoring.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcbc
                Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
                Rev. Col. Bras. Cir.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-6991
                1809-4546
                February 2005
                : 32
                : 1
                : 15-17
                Affiliations
                [01] Rio Grande RS orgnameFundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG orgdiv1Departamento de Cirurgia
                [02] Porto Alegre RS orgnameHospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição
                Article
                S0100-69912005000100005 S0100-6991(05)03200105
                10.1590/S0100-69912005000100005
                f9901c6a-1bf8-47e5-99c0-44693586c8c3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 June 2004
                : 10 September 2004
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Pleural effusion,Marcadores biológicos de tumor,Derrame pleural,tumour marker,Carcinoma,pleural malignancy,Antígeno carcinoembrionário,Carcinoembryonic antigen

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