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      Women's empowerment, maternal depression, and stress: Evidence from rural Burkina Faso

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          Abstract

          Objective

          Though there is a wide array of evidence that women's empowerment is associated with more positive health and nutritional outcomes for women and children, evidence around the relationship with mental health or subjective well-being remains relatively limited. The objective of this paper is to explore this relationship in longitudinal data from rural Burkina Faso.

          Methods

          We analyze the association between empowerment measured using the project-level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI), and two additional outcomes of interest: stress (measured using the SRQ-20) and maternal depression (measured using the Edinburgh scale for post-partum depression). The analysis employs both cross-sectional specifications and panel specifications conditional on individual fixed effects.

          Results

          We find evidence of substantial negative correlations between the empowerment score and maternal stress and depression measured using both continuous and binary variables. This relationship seems to be particularly driven by self-efficacy and respect among household members, where higher scores have negative associations with depression and stress that are both large in magnitude and precisely estimated.

          Conclusion

          Enhanced mental health may be another channel for a positive effect of empowerment on women's welfare.

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          Most cited references93

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          Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

          The development of a 10-item self-report scale (EPDS) to screen for Postnatal Depression in the community is described. After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was carried out on 84 mothers using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for depressive illness obtained from Goldberg's Standardised Psychiatric Interview. The EPDS was found to have satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, and was also sensitive to change in the severity of depression over time. The scale can be completed in about 5 minutes and has a simple method of scoring. The use of the EPDS in the secondary prevention of Postnatal Depression is discussed.
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            Health consequences of intimate partner violence.

            Intimate partner violence, which describes physical or sexual assault, or both, of a spouse or sexual intimate, is a common health-care issue. In this article, I have reviewed research on the mental and physical health sequelae of such violence. Increased health problems such as injury, chronic pain, gastrointestinal, and gynaecological signs including sexually-transmitted diseases, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder are well documented by controlled research in abused women in various settings. Intimate partner violence has been noted in 3-13% of pregnancies in many studies from around the world, and is associated with detrimental outcomes to mothers and infants. I recommend increased assessment and interventions for intimate partner violence in health-care settings.
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              • Article: not found

              Resources, Agency, Achievements: Reflections on the Measurement of Women's Empowerment

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                SSM Ment Health
                SSM Ment Health
                Ssm. Mental Health
                Elsevier Ltd
                2666-5603
                1 December 2022
                December 2022
                : 2
                : 100160
                Affiliations
                [a ]International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), USA
                [b ]AfricSanté, Burkina Faso
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author. j.leight@ 123456cgiar.org
                Article
                S2666-5603(22)00100-1 100160
                10.1016/j.ssmmh.2022.100160
                9792374
                36688233
                f9f8b166-9d6d-49b4-957f-5aecaefd247f
                © 2022 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 31 May 2022
                : 16 August 2022
                : 10 September 2022
                Categories
                Article

                mental health,empowerment,stress,depression
                mental health, empowerment, stress, depression

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