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      Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil: Melastomataceae Translated title: Flora of the cangas of Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil: Melastomataceae

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          Abstract

          Resumo Apresenta-se um tratado taxonômico para a família Melastomataceae nas áreas de cangas da Serra dos Carajás. Foram registradas 42 espécies distribuídas em 18 gêneros, sendo Miconia o mais rico, com 20 espécies, seguido de Clidemia com três espécies. O gênero monotípico Brasilianthus (B. carajensis) é considerado endêmico da região de Carajás, assim como uma espécie de Pleroma. Este trabalho apresenta descrições morfológicas, chaves de identificação para gêneros e espécies, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários para as espécies tratadas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract A taxonomic treatment for the Melastomataceae occurring in the cangas of Serra dos Carajás is presented. A total of 42 species in 18 genera were registered, of which Miconia is the richest with 20 species, followed by Clidemia with three species. The monotypic genus Brasilianthus (B. carajensis) is considered endemic to the region of Carajás, as well as one species of Pleroma. This work presents morphological descriptions, identification keys of genera and species, illustrations, geographic distribution and comments for the species treated.

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          Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae

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            Molecular phylogenetics of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae: implications for character evolution.

            Melastomataceae are among the most abundant and diversified groups of plants throughout the tropics, but their intrafamily relationships and morphological evolution are poorly understood. Here we report the results of parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of cpDNA sequences from the rbcL and ndhF genes and the rpl16 intron, generated for eight outgroups (Crypteroniaceae, Alzateaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, Oliniaceae, Penaeaceae, Myrtaceae, and Onagraceae) and 54 species of melastomes. The sample represents 42 of the family's currently recognized ∼150 genera, the 13 traditional tribes, and the three subfamilies, Astronioideae, Melastomatoideae, and Memecyloideae (= Memecylaceae DC.). Parsimony and ML yield congruent topologies that place Memecylaceae as sister to Melastomataceae. Pternandra, a Southeast Asian genus of 15 species of which five were sampled, is the first- branching Melastomataceae. This placement has low bootstrap support (72%), but agrees with morphological treatments that placed Pternandra in Melastomatacaeae because of its acrodromal leaf venation, usually ranked as a tribe or subfamily. The interxylary phloem islands found in Memecylaceae and Pternandra, but not most other Melastomataceae, likely evolved in parallel because Pternandra resembles Melastomataceae in its other wood characters. A newly discovered plesiomorphic character in Pternandra, also present in Memecylaceae, is a fibrous anther endothecium. Higher Melastomataceae lack an endothecium as do the closest relatives of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae. The next deepest split is between Astronieae, with anthers opening by slits, and all remaining Melastomataceae, which have anthers opening by pores. Within the latter, several generic groups, corresponding to traditional tribes, receive solid statistical support, but relationships among them, with one exception, are different from anything predicted on the basis of morphological data. Thus, Miconieae and Merianieae are sister groups, and both are sister to a trichotomy of Bertolonieae, Microlicieae + Melastomeae, and Dissochaeteae + Blakeeae. Sonerileae/Oxysporeae are nested within Dissochaeteae, Rhexieae within Melastomeae, and African and Asian Melastomeae within neotropical Melastomeae. These findings have profound implications for our understanding of melastome morphological evolution (and biogeography), implying, for example, that berries evolved from capsules minimally four times, stamen connectives went from dorsally enlarged to basal/ventrally enlarged, and loss of an endothecium preceded poricidal dehiscence.
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              Monographiae phanerogamarum

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rod
                Rodriguésia
                Rodriguésia
                Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0370-6583
                2175-7860
                2017
                : 68
                : 3spe
                : 997-1034
                Affiliations
                [3] Belém PA orgnameMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi orgdiv1Coord. Botânica orgdiv2Prog. Capacitação Institucional Brazil
                [2] Curitiba Paraná orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Depto. Botânica Brazil
                [4] Belém PA orgnameMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi orgdiv1Prog. Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas Brazil
                [1] Pará orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural da Amazônia Brazil
                Article
                S2175-78602017000500997
                10.1590/2175-7860201768336
                fa054a91-5889-4164-a5af-839ac1030d78

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 April 2017
                : 26 June 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 38
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Ironstone outcrops,Amazon,Brasilianthus,endemism,Afloramentos ferruginosos,Amazônia,endemismo

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