19
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Phytochelators Intended for Clinical Use in Iron Overload, Other Diseases of Iron Imbalance and Free Radical Pathology

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Iron chelating drugs are primarily and widely used in the treatment of transfusional iron overload in thalassaemia and similar conditions. Recent in vivo and clinical studies have also shown that chelators, and in particular deferiprone, can be used effectively in many conditions involving free radical damage and pathology including neurodegenerative, renal, hepatic, cardiac conditions and cancer. Many classes of phytochelators (Greek: phyto (φυτό)—plant, chele (χηλή)—claw of the crab) with differing chelating properties, including plant polyphenols resembling chelating drugs, can be developed for clinical use. The phytochelators mimosine and tropolone have been identified to be orally active and effective in animal models for the treatment of iron overload and maltol for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. Many critical parameters are required for the development of phytochelators for clinical use including the characterization of the therapeutic targets, ADMET, identification of the therapeutic index and risk/benefit assessment by comparison to existing therapies. Phytochelators can be developed and used as main, alternative or adjuvant therapies including combination therapies with synthetic chelators for synergistic and or complimentary therapeutic effects. The development of phytochelators is a challenging area for the introduction of new pharmaceuticals which can be used in many diseases and also in ageing. The commercial and other considerations for such development have great advantages in comparison to synthetic drugs and could also benefit millions of patients in developing countries.

          Related collections

          Most cited references138

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Bioavailability of the Polyphenols: Status and Controversies

          The current interest in polyphenols has been driven primarily by epidemiological studies. However, to establish conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in disease prevention, it is useful to better define the bioavailability of the polyphenols, so that their biological activity can be evaluated. The bioavailability appears to differ greatly among the various phenolic compounds, and the most abundant ones in our diet are not necessarily those that have the best bioavailability profile. In the present review, we focus on the factors influencing the bioavailability of the polyphenols. Moreover, a critical overview on the difficulties and the controversies of the studies on the bioavailability is discussed.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            The molecular basis of working mechanism of natural polyphenolic antioxidants

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Siderophores: structure and function of microbial iron transport compounds.

              Siderophores are common products of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and of fungi. Elucidation of the molecular genetics of siderophore synthesis, and the regulation of this process by iron, has been facilitated by the fact that E. coli uses its own siderophores as well as those derived from other species, including fungi. Overproduction of the siderophore and its transport system at low iron is in this species well established to be the result of negative transcriptional repression, but the detailed mechanism may be positive in other organisms. Siderophores are transported across the double membrane envelope of E. coli via a gating mechanism linking the inner and outer membranes.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                23 November 2015
                November 2015
                : 20
                : 11
                : 20841-20872
                Affiliations
                Postgraduate Research Institute of Science, Technology, Environment and Medicine, 3 Ammochostou Street, Limassol 3021, Cyprus; xtina_jt@ 123456hotmail.com (C.N.K.); koranita@ 123456cytanet.com.cy (A.K.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: kontoghiorghes.g.j@ 123456pri.ac.cy ; Tel./Fax: +357-2627-2076
                Article
                molecules-20-19725
                10.3390/molecules201119725
                6332094
                26610453
                fa15b7e3-8ef9-4c09-a49b-802db56d3732
                © 2015 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 02 September 2015
                : 09 November 2015
                Categories
                Review

                phytochelators,iron overload,iron metabolism,metals,antioxidants,therapeutics,thalassaemia,cancer,longevity

                Comments

                Comment on this article