Consumption of dairy foods and diabetes incidence: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.

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Abstract

A growing number of cohort studies suggest a potential role of dairy consumption in type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention. The strength of this association and the amount of dairy needed is not clear.

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Most cited references 33

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The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Anastassios G Pittas, Joseph Lau, Frank Hu … (2007)

Altered vitamin D and calcium homeostasis may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION AND ANALYSES: MEDLINE review was conducted through January 2007 for observational studies and clinical trials in adults with outcomes related to glucose homeostasis. When data were available to combine, meta-analyses were performed, and summary odds ratios (OR) are presented. Observational studies show a relatively consistent association between low vitamin D status, calcium or dairy intake, and prevalent type 2 DM or metabolic syndrome [OR (95% confidence interval): type 2 DM prevalence, 0.36 (0.16-0.80) among nonblacks for highest vs. lowest 25-hydroxyvitamin D; metabolic syndrome prevalence, 0.71 (0.57-0.89) for highest vs. lowest dairy intake]. There are also inverse associations with incident type 2 DM or metabolic syndrome [OR (95% confidence interval): type 2 DM incidence, 0.82 (0.72-0.93) for highest vs. lowest combined vitamin D and calcium intake; 0.86 (0.79-0.93) for highest vs. lowest dairy intake]. Evidence from trials with vitamin D and/or calcium supplementation suggests that combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation may have a role in the prevention of type 2 DM only in populations at high risk (i.e. glucose intolerance). The available evidence is limited because most observational studies are cross-sectional and did not adjust for important confounders, whereas intervention studies were short in duration, included few subjects, used a variety of formulations of vitamin D and calcium, or did post hoc analyses. Vitamin D and calcium insufficiency may negatively influence glycemia, whereas combined supplementation with both nutrients may be beneficial in optimizing glucose metabolism.

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Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health.

S Parvez, K A Malik, S. Ah Kang … (2006)

Probiotics are usually defined as microbial food supplements with beneficial effects on the consumers. Most probiotics fall into the group of organisms' known as lactic acid-producing bacteria and are normally consumed in the form of yogurt, fermented milks or other fermented foods. Some of the beneficial effect of lactic acid bacteria consumption include: (i) improving intestinal tract health; (ii) enhancing the immune system, synthesizing and enhancing the bioavailability of nutrients; (iii) reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance, decreasing the prevalence of allergy in susceptible individuals; and (iv) reducing risk of certain cancers. The mechanisms by which probiotics exert their effects are largely unknown, but may involve modifying gut pH, antagonizing pathogens through production of antimicrobial compounds, competing for pathogen binding and receptor sites as well as for available nutrients and growth factors, stimulating immunomodulatory cells, and producing lactase. Selection criteria, efficacy, food and supplement sources and safety issues around probiotics are reviewed. Recent scientific investigation has supported the important role of probiotics as a part of a healthy diet for human as well as for animals and may be an avenue to provide a safe, cost effective, and 'natural' approach that adds a barrier against microbial infection. This paper presents a review of probiotics in health maintenance and disease prevention.

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Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men.

R M van Dam, W Willett, E B Rimm … (2002)

To examine dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes. We prospectively followed 42,504 male participants of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study who were aged 40-75 years and free of diagnosed diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in 1986. Diet was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire and updated in 1990 and 1994. During 12 years of follow-up, we ascertained 1,321 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. Intakes of total fat (multivariate RR for extreme quintiles 1.27, CI 1.04-1.55, P for trend=0.02) and saturated fat (1.34, 1.09-1.66, P for trend=0.01) were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. However, these associations disappeared after additional adjustment for BMI (total fat RR 0.97, CI 0.79-1.18; saturated fat 0.97, 0.79-1.20). Intakes of oleic acid, trans-fat, long-chain n-3 fat, and alpha-linolenic acid were not associated with diabetes risk after multivariate adjustment. Linoleic acid was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in men or = 5/week vs. <1/month, P for trend <0.0001). Total and saturated fat intake were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, but these associations were not independent of BMI. Frequent consumption of processed meats may increase risk of type 2 diabetes.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Am. J. Clin. Nutr.

Title: The American journal of clinical nutrition

ISSN (Electronic): 1938-3207

ISSN (Print): 0002-9165

Publication date (Electronic): Apr 2016

Volume: 103

Issue: 4

Affiliations

[1 ] Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands;

[2 ] Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and Microclinic International, San Francisco, CA.

[3 ] Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and.

[4 ] Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands; sabita.soedamah-muthu@wur.nl.

Article

Publisher Item ID: ajcn.115.123216

DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.123216

PubMed ID: 26912494

SO-VID: fa265cfe-79e7-461a-9c64-f476407adbba

History

Keywords: cheese,dairy,dose-response associations,meta-analysis,milk,prospective/observational studies,type 2 diabetes,yogurt

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Keywords: cheese, dairy, dose-response associations, meta-analysis, milk, prospective/observational studies, type 2 diabetes, yogurt

Consumption of dairy foods and diabetes incidence: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.

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SDG: 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

Most cited references 33

The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health.

Dietary fat and meat intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes in men.

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Affiliations

Article

History

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