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      West Nile Virus Infection in Commercial Waterfowl Operation, Wisconsin

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          Abstract

          A West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak occurred at a commercial waterfowl operation in Wisconsin in 2005. Retrospective analysis of dead and live birds was conducted. WNV was detected by PCR in 84.1% of 88 dead birds; neutralizing antibodies were found in 14 of 30 randomly sampled asymptomatic or recovered birds.

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          Rapid detection of west nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan reverse transcriptase-PCR assay.

          R S Lanciotti, A. J. Kerst, R. Nasci … (2000)
          The authors report on the development and application of a rapid TaqMan assay for the detection of West Nile (WN) virus in a variety of human clinical specimens and field-collected specimens. Oligonucleotide primers and FAM- and TAMRA-labeled WN virus-specific probes were designed by using the nucleotide sequence of the New York 1999 WN virus isolate. The TaqMan assay was compared to a traditional reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR assay and to virus isolation in Vero cells with a large number ( approximately 500) of specimens obtained from humans (serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue), field-collected mosquitoes, and avian tissue samples. The TaqMan assay was specific for WN virus and demonstrated a greater sensitivity than the traditional RT-PCR method and correctly identified WN virus in 100% of the culture-positive mosquito pools and 98% of the culture-positive avian tissue samples. The assay should be of utility in the diagnostic laboratory to complement existing human diagnostic testing and as a tool to conduct WN virus surveillance in the United States.
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            Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology.

            Charles H Calisher, Sarah Lindsey, William C. Mathews (1976)
            The serum dilution neutralization test was evaluated for serological diagnosis of California group arbovirus infections and identification of virus isolates. The technical advantages and the degree of subtype specificity of the serum dilution neutralization test over the hemagglutination inhibition test and the complement fixation test were demonstrated with paired specimens from human cases, single human survey sera, and sentinel rabbit sera. Twenty-one virus isolates from various geographical areas of the United States were also used to evaluate the efficacy of the serum dilution neutralization test for specific virus identification.
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              Detection of West Nile Virus in Oral and Cloacal Swabs Collected from Bird Carcasses

              Nicholas Komar, Robert Lanciotti, Richard E Bowen … (2002)
              We evaluated if postmortem cloacal and oral swabs could replace brain tissue as a specimen for West Nile virus (WNV) detection. WNV was detected in all three specimen types from 20 dead crows and jays with an average of >105 WNV PFU in each. These findings suggest that testing cloacal or oral swabs might be a low-resource approach to detect WNV in dead birds.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): September 2006
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 1451-1453
                Affiliations
                [* ]Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Jennifer K. Meece, Clinical Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, 1000 North Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA; email: meece.jennifer@ 123456mcrf.mfldclin.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: 05-1648
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1209.051648
                PMC ID: 3294735
                PubMed ID: 17073102
                SO-VID: fa477508-2f53-40cc-858b-5b0d2002e5d2
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: agricultural workers,geese,outbreak,west nile virus,universal precautions,ducks,zoonoses,animal husbandry,dispatch
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: agricultural workers, geese, outbreak, west nile virus, universal precautions, ducks, zoonoses, animal husbandry, dispatch

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