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      Increased Dialysate Levels of Phospholipids Containing Unsaturated Fatty Acid Are Associated with Increased Peritoneal Transport Rate

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          Quantitative analysis and molecular species fingerprinting of triacylglyceride molecular species directly from lipid extracts of biological samples by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

          Herein we describe a rapid, simple, and reliable method for the quantitative analysis and molecular species fingerprinting of triacylglycerides (TAG) directly from chloroform extracts of biological samples. Previous attempts at direct TAG quantitation by positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) were confounded by the presence of overlapping peaks from choline glycerophospholipids requiring chromatographic separation of lipid extracts prior to ESI/MS analyses. By exploiting the rapid loss of phosphocholine from choline glycerophospholipids, in conjunction with neutral-loss scanning for individual fatty acids, overlapping peaks in the ESI mass spectrum were deconvoluted generating a detailed molecular species fingerprint of individual TAG molecular species directly from chloroform extracts of biological samples. This method readily detects as little as 0.1 pmol of each TAG molecular species from chloroform extracts and is linear over a 1000-fold dynamic range. The sensitivity of individual TAG molecular species to ESI/MS/MS analyses correlated with the unsaturation index and inversely correlated with total aliphatic chain length of TAG. An algorithm was developed which identifies sensitivity factors, thereby allowing the rapid quantitation and molecular species fingerprinting of TAG molecular species directly from chloroform extracts of biological samples. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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            World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects.

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              Plasma and dialysate IL-6 and VEGF concentrations are associated with high peritoneal solute transport rate.

              It has been speculated that increased levels of circulating or intraperitoneal pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6, and pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may contribute to high peritoneal small-solute transport rate (PSTR) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. In this study we evaluated possible relationships between plasma and dialysate IL-6 and VEGF levels and PSTR. Forty CAPD patients (mean age+/-SD of 58+/-14 years) with no apparent inflammation process or disease, who had been on CAPD for 19+/-15 months (range 3-56 months) were included in the study. Peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was used to evaluate PSTR. Patients were divided into two groups: high-average and high transporters (H/A; D/P(creat)>/=0.65) and low-average and low transporters (L/A; D/P(creat)<0.64). Albumin and IgG clearances were used in the evaluation of permeability to larger solutes. Plasma and overnight dialysate levels of IL-6 and VEGF were measured. Plasma IL-6 (7.6 vs 4.3 pg/ml) and VEGF (342 vs 163 pg/ml) as well as dialysate IL-6 (174 vs 80 pg/ml) and VEGF (96 vs 69 pg/ml) levels were significantly higher in the H/A than in the L/A group. The dialysate appearance of IL-6 and VEGF correlated with D/P(creat), as well as with albumin and IgG clearances. Moreover, significant correlations were noted between dialysate IL-6 and dialysate VEGF levels. The findings of (i) increased plasma and dialysate levels of IL-6 and VEGF in the H/A group compared to the L/A group, (ii) an association between PSTR and both plasma and dialysate IL-6 and VEGF levels, and (iii) a significant correlation between dialysate IL-6 and VEGF concentrations suggest that inflammation, angiogenesis, and peritoneal transport may be interrelated and involved in the pathophysiology of high PSTR in CAPD patients. However, due to the cross-sectional design of this study, the cause and effect relationships between plasma and dialysate IL-6 and VEGF concentrations and high PSRT remain unclear.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                AJN
                Am J Nephrol
                10.1159/issn.0250-8095
                American Journal of Nephrology
                S. Karger AG
                0250-8095
                1421-9670
                2008
                October 2008
                23 July 2008
                : 28
                : 6
                : 1007-1013
                Affiliations
                aDivision of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, and bKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; cDivisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
                Article
                148208 Am J Nephrol 2008;28:1007–1013
                10.1159/000148208
                18648191
                fa6680c1-2349-442e-9a55-16022c5bdc7e
                © 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 26 March 2008
                : 12 May 2008
                Page count
                Pages: 7
                Categories
                Original Report: Patient-Oriented, Translational Research

                Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Ultrafiltration,Peritoneal fluid absorption rate,Peritoneum,End-stage renal disease,Peritoneal small solute transport rate

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