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      Biofortificación de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) con cianocobalamina y micronutrientes aminoquelados (Zn, Fe) Translated title: Biofortification of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with cyanocobalamin and amino-chelated micronutrients (Zn, Fe)

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción El tomate constituye una fuente importante de nutrientes, catalogándose como un alimento óptimo para fortificar la población que presenta déficit de hierro, zinc y cianocobalamina. Material y Métodos Se aplicaron dos tratamientos, uno con minerales inorgánicos y el otro con minerales aminoquelado mediante un proceso de biofortificación foliar. Se cuantificó la concentración de los micronutrientes utilizando el método de Espectrometría por Absorción Atómica de llama directa (EAAF), se utilizó el método EPA 3052 para la evaluación de los minerales. Para el análisis de cianocobalamina, se usó el método de Cromatografía Liquida (HPLC). Resultados Se encontró diferencias altamente significativas (p<0,0001) entre los tratamientos en la presencia de minerales, presentándose una mayor concentración de hierro en el tratamiento aminoquelado, 189,53±100,12mg/kg. En el tratamiento inorgánico la mayor concentración fue de zinc, 89,82±21,67. Al evaluar el contenido de zinc, no hubo diferencias entre la biofortificación con el aminoquelado y el inorgánico (p>0,05), con respecto a la cianocobalamina los datos bromatológicos reportaron menos de 0,04µg/100g de tomate en todas las muestras analizadas. Conclusiones El contenido de hierro en el fruto con el tratamiento aminoquelado es muy superior a los tratamientos control e inorgánico, además es posible obtener tomate biofortificado con minerales como el zinc y hierro aminoquelados, demostrándose que tienen mejor absorción y posibilitando su biodisponibilidad, finalmente, la biofortificación con cianocobalamina no es pertinente en este fruto, pues este nutriente no es almacenado en el tomate.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction The tomato constitutes an important source of nutrients, being classified as an optimal food to fortify the population that presents deficit of iron, zinc and cyanocobalamin. Material and Methods Two treatments were applied, one with inorganic minerals and the other with chelated amino minerals through a process of foliar biofortification. The concentration of the micronutrients was quantified using the Direct Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (EAAF) method, the EPA 3052 method was used for the evaluation of the minerals. For the cyanocobalamin analysis, the Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used. Results Highly significant differences (p<0.0001) were found between the treatments in the presence of minerals, presenting the highest concentration of iron in the chelated treatment with amino, 189.53±100.12mg/kg. In the inorganic treatment, the highest concentration was zinc, 89.82±21.67. When evaluating the zinc content, there were no statistical differences between biofortification with amino chelated and inorganic (p>0.05), with regard to cyanocobalamin, the bromatological data reported less than 0.04µg/100g of tomato in all the samples analyzed. Conclusions The iron content in the fruit with the amino chelated treatment is much higher than the control and inorganic treatment, where it is possible to obtain biofortified tomatoes with minerals such as zinc and amino chelated iron, which shows that they have a better absorption its bioavailability being possible. Finally, biofortification with cyanocobalamin is not relevant in this fruit, as this nutrient is not stored in the tomato.

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          Zinc biofortification of cereals: problems and solutions.

          The goal of biofortification is to develop plants that have an increased content of bioavailable nutrients in their edible parts. Cereals serve as the main staple food for a large proportion of the world population but have the shortcoming, from a nutrition perspective, of being low in zinc and other essential nutrients. Major bottlenecks in plant biofortification appear to be the root-shoot barrier and--in cereals--the process of grain filling. New findings demonstrate that the root-shoot distribution of zinc is controlled mainly by heavy metal transporting P1B-ATPases and the metal tolerance protein (MTP) family. A greater understanding of zinc transport is important to improve crop quality and also to help alleviate accumulation of any toxic metals.
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            Biofortification of wheat grain with iron and zinc: integrating novel genomic resources and knowledge from model crops

            Wheat, like many other staple cereals, contains low levels of the essential micronutrients iron and zinc. Up to two billion people worldwide suffer from iron and zinc deficiencies, particularly in regions with predominantly cereal-based diets. Although wheat flour is commonly fortified during processing, an attractive and more sustainable solution is biofortification, which requires developing new varieties of wheat with inherently higher iron and zinc content in their grains. Until now most studies aimed at increasing iron and zinc content in wheat grains have focused on discovering natural variation in progenitor or related species. However, recent developments in genomics and transformation have led to a step change in targeted research on wheat at a molecular level. We discuss promising approaches to improve iron and zinc content in wheat using knowledge gained in model grasses. We explore how the latest resources developed in wheat, including sequenced genomes and mutant populations, can be exploited for biofortification. We also highlight the key research and practical challenges that remain in improving iron and zinc content in wheat.
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              Producing more with less: Strategies and novel technologies for plant-based food biofortification

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                September 2020
                : 24
                : 3
                : 247-255
                Affiliations
                [3] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética orgdiv2Grupo de Nutrición y Tecnología de Alimentos Colombia
                [2] Caldas Antioquía orgnameCorporación Universitaria Lasallista de Medellín orgdiv1Facultad de Ingeniería Colombia
                [1] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Colombia
                Article
                S2174-51452020000300007 S2174-5145(20)02400300007
                10.14306/renhyd.24.3.1011
                fac1ada4-4c3b-42b7-8d10-7f87e8bc2d25

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 March 2020
                : 01 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Lycopersicon esculentum,Biofortificación,Zinc,Hierro,Vitamina B12,Desnutrición,Solanum lycopersicum,Tomate,Cianocobalamina,Biofortification,Iron,Vitamin B12,Malnutrition,Tomato,Cyanocobalamin

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