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      Reading Books and Watching Films as a Protective Factor against Suicidal Ideation

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      1 , * , 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 4 , 10 , 7 , 11 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 12 , 6 , 13 , 14 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 2 , 17 , 1
      International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
      MDPI
      Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE), adolescent, belonging, mental health, protective factors, suicide

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          Abstract

          Reading books and watching films were investigated as protective factors for serious suicidal ideation (SSI) in young people with low perceived social belonging. Cross-sectional and longitudinal (12-month) analyses were performed using data from a representative European sample of 3256 students from the “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe” study. Low social belonging was associated to SSI. However, reading books and watching films moderated this association, especially for those with lowest levels of belonging. This was true both at baseline and at 12 months of follow-up analyses. These media may act as sources of social support or mental health literacy and thus reduce the suicide risk constituted by low sense of belonging.

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          Most cited references14

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          Media Roles in Suicide Prevention: A Systematic Review

          The aim of the current systematic review was to monitor and provide an overview of the research performed about the roles of media in suicide prevention in order to find out possible effects media reporting on suicidal behaviours might have on actual suicidality (completed suicides, attempted suicides, suicidal ideation). The systematic review was performed following the principles of the PRISMA statement and includes 56 articles. Most of the studies support the idea that media reporting and suicidality are associated. However, there is a risk of reporting bias. More research is available about how irresponsible media reports can provoke suicidal behaviours (the ‘Werther effect’) and less about protective effect media can have (the ‘Papageno effect’). Strong modelling effect of media coverage on suicide is based on age and gender. Media reports are not representative of official suicide data and tend to exaggerate sensational suicides, for example dramatic and highly lethal suicide methods, which are rare in real life. Future studies have to encounter the challenges the global medium Internet will offer in terms of research methods, as it is difficult to define the circulation of news in the Internet either spatially or in time. However, online media can provide valuable innovative qualitative research material.
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            Suicidal feelings in the general population: a prevalence study.

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              The influence of violent media on children and adolescents:a public-health approach.

              There is continuing debate on the extent of the effects of media violence on children and young people, and how to investigate these effects. The aim of this review is to consider the research evidence from a public-health perspective. A search of published work revealed five meta-analytic reviews and one quasi-systematic review, all of which were from North America. There is consistent evidence that violent imagery in television, film and video, and computer games has substantial short-term effects on arousal, thoughts, and emotions, increasing the likelihood of aggressive or fearful behaviour in younger children, especially in boys. The evidence becomes inconsistent when considering older children and teenagers, and long-term outcomes for all ages. The multifactorial nature of aggression is emphasised, together with the methodological difficulties of showing causation. Nevertheless, a small but significant association is shown in the research, with an effect size that has a substantial effect on public health. By contrast, only weak evidence from correlation studies links media violence directly to crime.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Int J Environ Res Public Health
                ijerph
                International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                MDPI
                1661-7827
                1660-4601
                15 December 2015
                December 2015
                : 12
                : 12
                : 15937-15942
                Affiliations
                [1 ]National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Gergo.Hadlaczki@ 123456ki.se (G.H.); michael.westerlund@ 123456ims.su.se (M.W.); Vladimir.Carli@ 123456ki.se (V.C.); Danuta.Wasserman@ 123456ki.se (D.W.)
                [2 ]Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; camillawasserman@ 123456gmail.com (C.W.); HOVEN@ 123456nyspi.columbia.edu (C.W.H.)
                [3 ]Feinberg Child Study Centre, Schneider Children’s Medical Centre, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; eapter@ 123456clalit.org.il
                [4 ]Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest 1021, Hungary; judit.agnes.balazs@ 123456gmail.com (J.B.); lucafarkas@ 123456gmail.com (L.F.)
                [5 ]Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1064, Hungary
                [6 ]Department of Psychiatry, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33004, Spain; bobes@ 123456uniovi.es (J.B.); frank@ 123456uniovi.es (P.S.)
                [7 ]Section for Disorders of Personality Development, Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69115, Germany; Romuald.Brunner@ 123456med.uni-heidelberg.de (R.B.); Michael.Kaess@ 123456med.uni-heidelberg.de (M.K.)
                [8 ]National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland; e.mcmahon@ 123456ucc.ie (E.M.M.); mandhhealy@ 123456eircom.net (H.K.)
                [9 ]Clinical Psychology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania; doina_octaviancosman@ 123456hotmail.com (D.C.); nemes_bogdan@ 123456yahoo.com (B.N.)
                [10 ]State Hospital Hall in Tyrol, tirol-kliniken, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy B, Hall, A-6060, Austria; christian.haring@ 123456tirol-kliniken.at
                [11 ]Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, 54500 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; jp.kahn@ 123456chu-nancy.fr
                [12 ]Slovene Center for Suicide Research, Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia; ursa.mars@ 123456upr.si (U.M.B.); vita.postuvan@ 123456upr.si (V.P.)
                [13 ]Estonian-Swedish Mental Health & Suicidology Institute, Tallinn 11615, Estonia; sisask.merike@ 123456gmail.com (M.S.); varnik.airi@ 123456gmail.com (A.V.)
                [14 ]Tallinn University, Tallinn 10120, Estonia
                [15 ]Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy; marco.sarchiapone@ 123456me.com
                [16 ]National Institute for Migration and Poverty via San Gallicano 25, Roma 00100, Italy
                [17 ]Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: mami.kiritani@ 123456ki.se ; Tel.: +46-8524-870-26
                Article
                ijerph-12-15032
                10.3390/ijerph121215032
                4690968
                26694431
                facce724-9bd1-4e27-919c-5ccdf3fdc4df
                © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 19 October 2015
                : 07 December 2015
                Categories
                Communication

                Public health
                saving and empowering young lives in europe (seyle),adolescent,belonging,mental health,protective factors,suicide

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