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      Avances en las formulaciones de los antisépticos Translated title: Advances in antiseptic formulations

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Revisar nuevas formulaciones antisépticas que minimicen los inconvenientes de las formulaciones convencionales y mejoren la efectividad los tratamientos actualmente usados. Metodología: Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos científicas, como Pubmed o Sciencedirect, entre otras, así como en artículos de revistas científicas, libros, tesis doctorales y páginas webs oficiales siguiendo siempre criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente establecidos. Una vez seleccionados los artículos de interés mediante palabras clave, se procedió a la organización de los contenidos de la revisión. Resultados: Las formulaciones convencionales usadas en antisepsia presentan algunas limitaciones, como la formación de biopelículas por Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (MRSA), la necesidad de conseguir un efecto más prolongado en el tiempo y la potenciación de la actividad microbiana debido a la resistencia a antisépticos, entre otros. Por este motivo, existen diversas líneas de investigación que intentan contrarrestar estas barreras mediante el diseño de nuevas formulaciones, como los sistemas de administración autoemulsionables de fármacos (SEDDS), sistemas formadores de película o usando la nanotecnología en forma de micelas cargadas con antisépticos, nanopartículas de organosílica mesoporosa o como nanopartículas de plata u ZnO que se combinan con polímeros como los hidrogeles o los poliuretanos para conseguir tratamientos más eficaces mejorando sus propiedades tanto antisépticas como mecánicas. Conclusiones: Las diferentes estrategias que se abordan en esta revisión presentan mejores propiedades antisépticas que las terapias convencionales, según se recoge en los artículos revisados. Por este motivo, seguramente formarán parte de la amplia gama de antisépticos en un futuro próximo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: To review new antiseptic formulations that minimize the drawbacks of conventional formulations and improve the effectiveness of currently used treatments. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in different scientific databases, such as Pubmed or Sciencedirect, among others, as well as in articles of scientific journals, books, doctoral theses and official web pages, always following previously established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Once the articles of interest had been selected using keywords, the contents of the review were organized. Results: The conventional formulations used in antisepsis have some limitations, such as the formation of biofilms by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the need to achieve a more prolonged effect over time and the potentiation of microbial activity due to resistance to antiseptics, among others. For this reason, there are several lines of research that attempt to counteract these barriers by designing new formulations such as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), film-forming systems or using nanotechnology in the form of antiseptic-loaded micelles, mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles or as silver or ZnO nanoparticles that are combined with polymers such as hydrogels or polyurethanes to achieve more effective treatments by improving both their antiseptic and mechanical properties. Conclusions: The different strategies discussed in this review present better antiseptic properties than conventional therapies, as reported in the articles reviewed. For this reason, they will surely be part of the wide range of antiseptics in the near future.

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          Most cited references75

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          Antibacterial agents are very important in the textile industry, water disinfection, medicine, and food packaging. Organic compounds used for disinfection have some disadvantages, including toxicity to the human body, therefore, the interest in inorganic disinfectants such as metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing. This review focuses on the properties and applications of inorganic nanostructured materials and their surface modifications, with good antimicrobial activity. Such improved antibacterial agents locally destroy bacteria, without being toxic to the surrounding tissue. We also provide an overview of opportunities and risks of using NPs as antibacterial agents. In particular, we discuss the role of different NP materials. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Good control of the morphology, particle size, uniformity and dispersity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) is of increasing importance to their use in catalyst, adsorption, polymer filler, optical devices, bio-imaging, drug delivery, and biomedical applications. This review discusses different synthesis methodologies to prepare well-dispersed MSNs and hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNs) with tunable dimensions ranging from a few to hundreds of nanometers of different mesostructures. The methods include fast self-assembly, soft and hard templating, a modified Stöber method, dissolving-reconstruction and modified aerogel approaches. In practical applications, the MSNs prepared by these methods demonstrate good potential for use in high-performance catalysis, antireflection coating, transparent polymer-MSNs nanocomposites, drug-release and theranostic systems.
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              Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in drug delivery and biomedical applications.

              In the past decade, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with a large surface area and pore volume have attracted considerable attention for their application in drug delivery and biomedicine. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in silica-assisted drug delivery systems, including (1) MSN-based immediate/sustained drug delivery systems and (2) MSN-based controlled/targeted drug delivery systems. In addition, we summarize the biomedical applications of MSNs, including (1) MSN-based biotherapeutic agent delivery; (2) MSN-assisted bioimaging applications; and (3) MSNs as bioactive materials for tissue regeneration.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ars
                Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)
                Ars Pharm
                Universidad de Granada (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                2340-9894
                December 2021
                : 62
                : 4
                : 451-470
                Affiliations
                [1] Sevilla Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Sevilla orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica Spain
                Article
                S2340-98942021000400451 S2340-9894(21)06200400451
                10.30827/ars.v62i4.21804
                fae62013-9817-4e58-b95f-18774d7149dc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 September 2021
                : 19 July 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 76, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos de Revisión

                Antiseptics,pharmaceutical form,nanoparticles,SEDDS,film-forming systems,Antisépticos,forma farmacéutica,nanopartículas,SEEDS,sistemas formadores de película

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