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      Polymorphism of the BCO2 gene and the content of carotenoids, retinol, and α-tocopherol in the liver and fat of rabbits

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of AAT-deletion mutation at codon 248 of the BCO2 gene on the content of lutein, β-carotene, retinol, and α-tocopherol in the liver and fat of crossbred rabbits. The experimental animals comprised 90 rabbits, produced by reciprocal crossing between ins/del heterozygous parents of Flemish Giant, New Zealand Red, and Termond White breeds. All rabbits in the litter were genotyped, given the same diet, and finally slaughtered at 140 d of age. It was found that regardless of the mating scheme employed, all del/del homozygotes had the yellow fat trait, whereas heterozygous and homozygotes animals without the AAT deletion (ins/ins) developed white fat. Lutein concentration in fat was over 13-fold higher in rabbits carrying a homozygous AAT-deletion than in the remaining animals. A codon deletion in the BCO2 gene also contributes to an increase in the concentrations of β-carotene and α-tocopherol in the adipose tissue of rabbits. However, no differences were observed in the content of the analyzed components between heterozygous and homozygous rabbits without the deletion.

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          Most cited references28

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          Xanthophyll (lutein, zeaxanthin) content in fruits, vegetables and corn and egg products

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            A mitochondrial enzyme degrades carotenoids and protects against oxidative stress.

            Carotenoids are the precursors for vitamin A and are proposed to prevent oxidative damage to cells. Mammalian genomes encode a family of structurally related nonheme iron oxygenases that modify double bonds of these compounds by oxidative cleavage and cis-to-trans isomerization. The roles of the family members BCMO1 and RPE65 for vitamin A production and vision have been well established. Surprisingly, we found that the third family member, β,β-carotene-9',10'-oxygenase (BCDO2), is a mitochondrial carotenoid-oxygenase with broad substrate specificity. In BCDO2-deficient mice, carotenoid homeostasis was abrogated, and carotenoids accumulated in several tissues. In hepatic mitochondria, accumulated carotenoids induced key markers of mitochondrial dysfunction, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (9-fold), and reduced rates of ADP-dependent respiration by 30%. This impairment was associated with an 8- to 9-fold induction of phosphor-MAP kinase and phosphor-AKT, markers of cell signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and disease. Administration of carotenoids to human HepG2 cells depolarized mitochondrial membranes and resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, our studies in BCDO2-deficient mice and human cell cultures indicate that carotenoids can impair respiration and induce oxidative stress. Mammalian cells thus express a mitochondrial carotenoid-oxygenase that degrades carotenoids to protect these vital organelles.
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              The contribution of β-carotene to vitamin A supply of humans.

              Populations that administer highly restrictive diets using a strong dietary regime, excluding certain types of food, might be at risk of vitamin A insufficiency, even in developed countries. Thus, provitamin A carotenoids from plants represent an additional major dietary source of vitamin A for most of the world's population. Our aim was to estimate the contribution of β-carotene to vitamin A supply in industrialized countries using available data from the literature. A total of 11 studies from 8 countries were used, representing data of 121,256 participants. Intakes of total vitamin A, provitamin A carotenoids, including β-carotene were retrieved and used to calculate the retinol activity equivalents (RAE) utilizing current conversion factors. Mean total daily dietary intake of RAE was 1083±175. The mean β-carotene intake was 3.9 mg/day. Preformed vitamin A accounts for nearly 65% of total vitamin A intake, carotenoids make up 35%. No statistical differences between men and women in total intake of retinol were observed. We conclude that a safe vitamin A intake in general cannot be reached by consuming only one component (vitamin A or β-carotene) alone, even in Western countries where animal products are commonly available. © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa, MG, Brazil )
                1516-3598
                1806-9290
                May 2019
                : 48
                : 0
                : e20180243
                Affiliations
                [3] Olsztyn Warmian-Masurian orgnameUniversity of Warmia and Mazury orgdiv1Faculty of Animal Bioengineering orgdiv2Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Poland
                [2] Olsztyn Warmian-Masurian orgnameUniversity of Warmia and Mazury orgdiv1Faculty of Animal Bioengineering orgdiv2Department of Animal Genetics Poland
                [4] Olsztyn Warmian-Masurian orgnameUniversity of Warmia and Mazury orgdiv1Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Material Processing orgdiv2Faculty of Animal Bioengineering Poland
                [1] Olsztyn Warmian-Masurian orgnameUniversity of Warmia and Mazury orgdiv1Faculty of Animal Bioengineering orgdiv2Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management Poland
                Article
                S1516-35982019000100300
                10.1590/rbz4820180243
                fae8ac66-c64b-487f-b67c-e348a0652188

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 October 2018
                : 28 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Breeding and Genetics

                adipose tissue,carotenoids,rabbit,vitamins
                adipose tissue, carotenoids, rabbit, vitamins

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