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      A new small deinonychosaur (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagônia, Argentina

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          Abstract

          Here we report on a new small deinonychosaurian theropod, Pamparaptor micros gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous of Patagônia, Argentina. Pamparaptor micros exhibits a pedal structure previously unknown among South Américan deinonychosaurians. The new material provides new evidence about the morphology and taxonomic diversity of Patagônian deinonychosaurs. Pamparaptor is the smaller non-avialae Patagônian deinonychosaur, probably with about 0.50-0.70 meters, long. The pedal construction resembles, that of Troodontid or basal Dromaeosaurids. Nevertheless, up to now, we considered Pamparaptor a peculiar Patagônian Dromaeosaurid with troodontid-like pes.

          Translated abstract

          Aqui reportamos um novo pequeno teropodo deinonicosauriano, Pamparaptor micros gen. et sp. nov. do Cretacéo Superior da Patagônia, Argentina. Pamparaptor exibe uma estrutura pedal previamente desconhecida entre os deinonicosaurídeos da América do Sul. O novo material fornece uma nova evidencia sobre a diversidade morfológica e taxonômica dos deinonicosaurídeos patagonicos. O Paparaptor e o menor deinonicosaurídeo não-aviano patagonico, medindo provavelmente entre 0,50-0,70 metros de comprimento. A construção pedal lembra aquela de Troodontídeos ou Dromaeosaurídios basais. Entretanto, ate agora, consideramos Paparaptor um Dromaeosaurídeo patagonico peculiar com o pe similar ao de Troodontídeos.

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          A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight.

          Fossil evidence for changes in dinosaurs near the lineage leading to birds and the origin of flight has been sparse. A dinosaur from Mongolia represents the basal divergence within Dromaeosauridae. The taxon's small body size and phylogenetic position imply that extreme miniaturization was ancestral for Paraves (the clade including Avialae, Troodontidae, and Dromaeosauridae), phylogenetically earlier than where flight evolution is strongly inferred. In contrast to the sustained small body sizes among avialans throughout the Cretaceous Period, the two dinosaurian lineages most closely related to birds, dromaeosaurids and troodontids, underwent four independent events of gigantism, and in some lineages size increased by nearly three orders of magnitude. Thus, change in theropod body size leading to flight's origin was not unidirectional.
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            The earliest dromaeosaurid theropod from South America.

            The evolutionary history of Maniraptora, the clade of carnivorous dinosaurs that includes birds and the sickle-clawed Dromaeosauridae, has hitherto been largely restricted to Late Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits on northern continents. The stunning Early Cretaceous diversity of maniraptorans from Liaoning, China, coupled with a longevity implied by derived Late Jurassic forms such as Archaeopteryx, pushes the origins of maniraptoran lineages back to Pangaean times and engenders the possibility that such lineages existed in Gondwana. A few intriguing, but incomplete, maniraptoran specimens have been reported from South America, Africa and Madagascar. Their affinities remain contested, however, and they have been interpreted as biogeographic anomalies relative to other faunal components of these land-masses. Here we describe a near-complete, small dromaeosaurid that is both the most complete and the earliest member of the Maniraptora from South America, and which provides new evidence for a unique Gondwanan lineage of Dromaeosauridae with an origin predating the separation between northern and southern landmasses.
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              Cretaceous terrestrial beds from the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) and their tetrapod assemblages

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aabc
                Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
                An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.
                Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0001-3765
                1678-2690
                March 2011
                : 83
                : 1
                : 109-116
                Affiliations
                [01] Neuquén orgnameUniversidad Nacional Del Comahue orgdiv1Centro Paleontologico Lago Barreales Argentina
                Article
                S0001-37652011000100007 S0001-3765(11)08300107
                10.1590/S0001-37652011000100007
                fb03e02b-ace3-41c0-bfc3-273dc2e8633a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 September 2010
                : 02 February 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Earth Sciences

                Dromaeosauridae,Cretacéo Superior,Patagônia,Unenlagiinae,Argentina,Barreales Lake,Late Cretaceous,Lago Barreales

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