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      A bypass case due to an acute inferior myocardial infarction caused by vascular occlusion of the left subclavian artery and left anterior descending artery

      case-report

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          Abstract

          ST segment elevation is the most common electrocardiographic finding in acute myocardial infarction. ST elevation in chest leads generally represents left anterior descending artery occlusion, while elevation in DII and III, and aVF represents right coronary and circumflex artery occlusion. A female patient aged 66 years was admitted to our emergency service with ST elevation in leads DIII and aVF. A diagnosis of acute inferior myocardial infarction was made. The patient’s history included coronary artery bypass graft involving the left internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery and aorta to the right coronary artery. The patient was taken to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for primary percutaneous coronary intervention and a lesion in the left anterior descending artery was identified. Additionally, the left subclavian artery was totally occluded. Following intervention to the lesion, the patient was discharged on day 4 of admission.

          Most cited references8

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          Usefulness of ST-segment elevation in lead III exceeding that of lead II for identifying the location of the totally occluded coronary artery in inferior wall myocardial infarction.

          The presence of ST-segment elevation in lead III exceeding that of lead II, particularly if combined with ST elevation in lead V1, proved to be a powerful marker for occlusion of the proximal or midportion of the right coronary artery. These findings helped to determine the extent of myocardium at risk in inferior wall myocardial infarction and may further guide the decision to administer thrombolytics.
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            Implications of inferior ST-segment elevation accompanying anterior wall acute myocardial infarction for the angiographic morphology of the left anterior descending coronary artery morphology and site of occlusion.

            Inferior ST-segment elevation during anterior wall acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery occlusion is unusual and was not previously investigated. This study tested the hypothesis that inferior ST-segment elevation during anterior AMI predicts a specific angiographic morphology that satisfies 2 necessary conditions: (1) mass of ischemic anterior wall myocardium is relatively small, resulting in a weaker anterior injury current and less reciprocal inferior ST-segment depression; and (2) there is concomitant inferior wall transmural ischemia that further shifts the inferior ST segments upward. The study group consisted of 42 consecutive patients with anterior AMI undergoing angiography at 4.1 days (range 0 to 14). Coronary angiograms were examined for 3 features: (1) site of LAD artery occlusion (a distal obstruction implying a smaller mass of ischemic anterior wall myocardium), (2) LAD artery extension onto inferior wall of left ventricle (termed a "wrap around" vessel), and (3) collateral flow from LAD artery to inferior wall. The latter 2 features would be expected to contribute to inferior wall transmural ischemia. Acute inferior ST-segment elevation (sum of ST-segment deviation in leads II, III and aVF greater than or equal to 3.0 mm) was seen in 7 patients (16%). A greater number of LAD artery branches proximal to the site of occlusion was significantly correlated with less inferior ST-segment depression (r = 0.59, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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              Isolated right ventricular infarction presenting as anterior wall myocardial infarction on electrocardiography.

              Isolated right ventricle infarction is extremely rare, and its electrocardiographic (ECG) signs may be misinterpreted or even missed, especially when a typical clinical picture is lacking. This paper describes a case of isolated right ventricle infarction, recognized only by echocardiography. The patient presented with ST-segment elevation in left precordial leads together with minimal ST-segment elevation in inferior leads on a 12-lead ECG. Angiography revealed the culprit right coronary artery, which was small and nondominant. No significant obstructions were found in the left anterior descending artery. This case demonstrates that the ECG appearance of isolated right ventricle infarction may mimic anterior wall infarction and can be easily missed if not suspected.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Ther Clin Risk Manag
                Ther Clin Risk Manag
                Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
                Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
                Dove Medical Press
                1176-6336
                1178-203X
                2016
                26 July 2016
                : 12
                : 1139-1143
                Affiliations
                Department of Cardiology, Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Yakup Altas, Department of Cardiology, Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey, Tel +90 505 451 8108, Email drfrtykp@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                tcrm-12-1139
                10.2147/TCRM.S107423
                4968987
                27555777
                fb0770f8-e3da-461e-aca5-f02034851bf9
                © 2016 Altas and Ulug. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                electrocardiography,myocardial infarction,coronary circulation
                Medicine
                electrocardiography, myocardial infarction, coronary circulation

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