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      ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Sarthroviridae

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , ICTV Report Consortium
      Journal of General Virology
      Microbiology Society

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          Extra small virus-like particles (XSV) and nodavirus associated with whitish muscle disease in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

          A disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the giant freshwater prawn, farmed in China was recently recorded in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. The clinical sign of the disease, which develops in post-larvae (PL), is a whitish appearance of the muscles, particularly noticeable in the abdomen. Mortalities may reach 100% in some hatcheries. Investigations by transmission electron microscopy after negative staining of diseased PL homogenates showed the presence of two types of viral particles: one, unenveloped, icosahedral in shape, 26-27 nm in diameter, the second, much smaller, about 14-16 nm in diameter, designated extra small virus particle (XSV). The large virus has a genome with two pieces of ssRNA (RNA-1 and RNA-2), of 3 and 1.2 kb, respectively. Hybridization tests confirmed that this large virus is closely related to M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) which was isolated from diseased prawns in a hatchery in the French West Indies. Its very small size and hypothesized biochemical and biological characteristics suggest XSV is a new type of crustacean virus. As XSV has always been found associated with the larger virus (nodavirus) and is located in muscle and connective cells of diseased animals, it could be an autonomous virus, a helper-type virus or a satellite-like virus.
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            Viral diseases of the giant fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: a review.

            The giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultivated essentially in Southern and South-eastern Asian countries such as continental China, India, Thailand and Taiwan. To date, only two viral agents have been reported from this prawn. The first (HPV-type virus) was observed by chance 25 years ago in hypertrophied nuclei of hepatopancreatic epithelial cells and is closely related to members of the Parvoviridae family. The second, a nodavirus named MrNV, is always associated with a non-autonomous satellite-like virus (XSV), and is the origin of so-called white tail disease (WTD) responsible for mass mortalities and important economic losses in hatcheries and farms for over a decade. After isolation and purification of these two particles, they were physico-chemically characterized and their genome sequenced. The MrNV genome is formed with two single linear ss-RNA molecules, 3202 and 1250 nucleotides long, respectively. Each RNA segment contains only one ORF, ORF1 coding for the RNA-dependant RNA polymerase located on the long segment and ORF2 coding for the structural protein CP-43 located on the small one. The XSV genome (linear ss-RNA), 796 nucleotides long, contains a single ORF coding for the XSV coat protein CP-17. The XSV does not contain any RdRp gene and consequently needs the MrNV polymerase to replicate.
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              Characteristics of the monocistronic genome of extra small virus, a virus-like particle associated with Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus: possible candidate for a new species of satellite virus.

              White tail disease (WTD) causes a high mortality rate in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The pathogenic agent is a small virus, 25 nm in diameter, Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV), associated with extra small virus (XSV), a virus-like particle,15 nm in diameter. Sequencing of the XSV genome showed that it consists of a linear single-stranded RNA of 796 nucleotides, encoding a single structural protein, the capsid CP-17. The genome is in sense orientation, ended by a short poly(A) tail at the 3'-end. Sequence comparison did not allow XSV to be affiliated to known virus families. The hypothesis that XSV is a satellite virus, such as those described in the plant kingdom, is put forward based on its characteristics. It would constitute, therefore, the first satellite virus associated with a nodavirus.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of General Virology
                Microbiology Society
                0022-1317
                1465-2099
                December 01 2018
                December 01 2018
                : 99
                : 12
                : 1563-1564
                Affiliations
                [1 ] 1​Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C.Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore Dt., TN, India
                [2 ] 2​Advisor, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, CGO Complex, New Delhi 110003, India
                [3 ] 3​Graduate School, Hiroshima University, Japan
                [4 ] 4​National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
                [5 ] 5​Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
                Article
                10.1099/jgv.0.001158
                fb0fb3fd-7e97-46b5-adca-b9357f26ed12
                © 2018
                History

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