Short and Long-Term Outcome of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy: What Can We
Expect?

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Abstract

Background

Stress-induced/Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC) is an increasingly recognized diagnostic entity.

Objective

This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical predictors of short and long-term outcome of patients (pts) diagnosed with TC.

Methods

We included all consecutive pts admitted in our department, from November 2006 to August 2011, who met the Mayo Clinic criteria for TC diagnosis.

Results

We evaluated 37 pts (35 women) with a mean age of 63 ±13 years. TC was precipitated by a stressful emotional event in the majority (57%) and chest pain was the most common symptom (89%). Twelve pts (32%) had ST-segment elevation and 15 pts (41%) had T-wave inversion on the electrocardiogram at admission. Severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was found in 16 pts (43%) and the mean troponin I level was 2.6±1.8 ng/mL. The in-hospital complication rate was 30%, with cardiogenic shock being the most common situation. Physical stress, severe LV systolic dysfunction and peak brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were predictors of acute complications. On the other hand, we found no association between peak troponin I and electrocardiographic presentation. Thirty-five pts were followed for a mean time of 482 ± 512 days, without clinic recurrence.

Conclusion

In our cohort of pts, TC was associated with a high in-hospital complications rate. Physical stress, LV dysfunction and peak BNP could predict acute adverse outcomes.

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Most cited references 33

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Natural history and expansive clinical profile of stress (tako-tsubo) cardiomyopathy.

Scott W Sharkey, Denise Windenburg, John Lesser … (2010)

This study was designed to define more completely the clinical spectrum and consequences of stress cardiomyopathy (SC) beyond the acute event. Stress cardiomyopathy is a recently recognized condition characterized by transient cardiac dysfunction with ventricular ballooning. Clinical profile and outcome were prospectively assessed in 136 consecutive SC patients. Patients were predominantly women (n = 130; 96%), but 6 were men (4%). Ages were 32 to 94 years (mean age 68 +/- 13 years); 13 (10%) were 2 months in 5%. Right and/or left ventricular thrombi were identified in 5 patients (predominantly by CMR imaging), including 2 with embolic events. Three patients (2%) died in-hospital and 116 (85%) have survived, including 5% with nonfatal recurrent SC events. All-cause mortality during follow-up exceeded a matched general population (p = 0.016) with most deaths occurring in the first year. In this large SC cohort, the clinical spectrum was heterogeneous with about one-third either male,

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Four-year recurrence rate and prognosis of the apical ballooning syndrome.

Ahmad Elesber, Abhiram Prasad, Ryan Lennon … (2007)

This study sought to assess the long-term prognosis of patients with apical ballooning syndrome (ABS). Apical ballooning syndrome is a recently described acute cardiac syndrome of uncertain etiology and prognosis. We retrospectively identified 100 unselected patients with a confirmed diagnosis of ABS by angiography. Recurrences of ABS and mortality were recorded. Over a mean follow-up of 4.4 +/- 4.6 years, 31 patients continued to have episodes of chest pain and 10 patients had recurrence of ABS, for a recurrence rate of 11.4% over the first 4 years. Seventeen patients died in 4.7 +/- 4.8 years of follow-up. There was no difference in survival or in cardiovascular survival to an age- and gender-matched population. The recurrence rate for ABS was 11.4% over 4 years after initial presentation. Recurrence of chest pain is common. Four-year survival was not different from that in an age-matched and gender-matched population.

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Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome: A systematic review.

Thomas M. Pilgrim, Thomas Wyss (2008)

Transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome (TLVABS) is an acute cardiac syndrome mimicking ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction characterized by transient wall-motion abnormalities involving apical and mid-portions of the left ventricle in the absence of significant obstructive coronary disease. Searching the MEDLINE database 28 case series met the eligibility criteria and were summarized in a narrative synthesis of the demographic characteristics, clinical features and pathophysiological mechanisms. TLVABS is observed in 0.7-2.5% of patients with suspected ACS, affects women in 90.7% (95% CI: 88.2-93.2%) with a mean age ranging from 62 to 76 years and most commonly presents with chest pain (83.4%, 95% CI: 80.0-86.7%) and dyspnea (20.4%, 95% CI: 16.3-24.5%) following an emotionally or physically stressful event. ECG on admission shows ST-segment elevations in 71.1% (95% CI: 67.2-75.1%) and is accompanied by usually mild elevations of Troponins in 85.0% (95% CI: 80.8-89.1%). Despite dramatic clinical presentation and substantial risk of heart failure, cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias, LVEF improved from 20-49.9% to 59-76% within a mean time of 7-37 days with an in-hospital mortality rate of 1.7% (95% CI: 0.5-2.8%), complete recovery in 95.9% (95% CI: 93.8-98.1%) and rare recurrence. The underlying etiology is thought to be based on an exaggerated sympathetic stimulation. TLVABS is a considerable differential diagnosis in ACS, especially in postmenopausal women with a preceding stressful event. Data on longterm follow-up is pending and further studies will be necessary to clarify the etiology and reach consensus in acute and longterm management of TLVABS.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Arq Bras Cardiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Arq. Bras. Cardiol

Journal ID (publisher-id): Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

Title: Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia

Publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

ISSN (Print): 0066-782X

ISSN (Electronic): 1678-4170

Publication date (Print): January 2014

Volume: 102

Issue: 1

Pages: 80-85

Affiliations

[1 ] Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto - Portugal

[2 ] Hospital Pedro Hispano, Porto - Portugal

Author notes

Mailing Address: Vânia Filipa Andrade Ribeiro, Alameda Prof. Hêrnani Monteiro. Postal Code 4200-319, Porto - Portugal. E-mail: ribeiro_vania@ 123456hotmail.com

Potential Conflict of Interest

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Article

DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130228

PMC ID: 3987403

PubMed ID: 24270862

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Short and Long-Term Outcome of Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy: What Can We Expect?

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Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Related collections

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Most cited references 33

Natural history and expansive clinical profile of stress (tako-tsubo) cardiomyopathy.

Four-year recurrence rate and prognosis of the apical ballooning syndrome.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome: A systematic review.

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