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      Contrasting staff and student views on alcohol education provision in a UK university

      research-article
      ,
      Drugs (Abingdon, England)
      Taylor & Francis
      Alcohol education, university/college, qualitative, harm reduction

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          Abstract

          Alcohol education and awareness aims to teach individuals the risks of excess consumption. It is common in UK universities, despite limited evidence of success with student cohorts. This research explored the development and delivery of such alcohol activities at one UK university. In-depth, one-to-one interviews were carried out with non-academic staff and with first-year students. These aimed to understand the development of alcohol awareness messages and staff involvement in delivery, as well as exploring student responses to key alcohol educational activities. Results indicate that alcohol is a normalized aspect of UK student identity and is accepted as such by students and staff. Despite this, there is a widely held view that the university has a responsibility to provide alcohol education and awareness, which forms the basis of current practice on campus. This reflects perception of education interventions as non-coercive and acceptable within the staff–student relationship, with limited support for more interventionist approaches with a group engaging in a legal behavior with strong cultural associations. However, staff approval of education as appropriate for this audience is contradicted by students, who reject these same approaches as reminiscent of school, instead favoring self-directed learning or peer-led programs.

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          The burden of alcohol use: excessive alcohol consumption and related consequences among college students.

          Research shows that multiple factors influence college drinking, from an individual's genetic susceptibility to the positive and negative effects of alcohol, alcohol use during high school, campus norms related to drinking, expectations regarding the benefits and detrimental effects of drinking, penalties for underage drinking, parental attitudes about drinking while at college, whether one is member of a Greek organization or involved in athletics, and conditions within the larger community that determine how accessible and affordable alcohol is. Consequences of college drinking include missed classes and lower grades, injuries, sexual assaults, overdoses, memory blackouts, changes in brain function, lingering cognitive deficits, and death. This article examines recent findings about the causes and consequences of excessive drinking among college students relative to their non-college peers and many of the strategies used to collect and analyze relevant data, as well as the inherent hurdles and limitations of such strategies.
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            Identification, prevention, and treatment revisited: individual-focused college drinking prevention strategies 1999-2006.

            This paper serves to update a prior review of the literature on individual-focused prevention and treatment approaches for college drinking [Larimer, M.E. & Cronce, J.M. (2002). Identification, prevention and treatment: A review of individual-focused strategies to reduce problematic alcohol consumption by college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol Suppl. 14, 148-163.], and covers the period from late 1999 through 2006. No support was found for information/knowledge approaches alone, or for brief values clarification approaches alone or with other informational content. Evidence was found in support of skills-based interventions and motivational interventions that incorporated personalized feedback, with or without an in-person intervention. Normative re-education interventions received mixed support, though personalized normative feedback was associated with positive outcomes. Significant advances have been made over the past seven years with respect to mailed and computerized feedback interventions, and interventions with mandated students. Much of the research reviewed suffered from significant limitations, particularly small sample sizes, attrition, and lack of appropriate control groups. More research is needed to determine the best methods for disseminating such interventions on college campuses, as well as additional research on interventions with high-risk groups of students.
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              School-based programmes to prevent alcohol, tobacco and other drug use.

              Substance use and abuse are important public health problems in the USA and throughout the world. In many developed countries, the initial stages of substance use typically include experimentation with alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana with one's peer group during adolescence. While there have been gradual decreases in the use of these substances in recent years among youth in the USA and other countries, increases have been observed in the use and misuse of other substances, such as the misuse of prescription drugs and over-the-counter cough medications in the USA. From a developmental perspective, data shows that rates of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit drug use typically escalate during adolescence and peak during young adulthood, corresponding with the increased freedom and independence of this time of life. Substance use decreases for most young people as they take on adult responsibilities, although a proportion will continue or increase their use and develop substance use problems. Given what we know about the onset and progression of substance use, implementing preventive interventions during early adolescence is critical. Most drug prevention or education programmes take place in school settings. A variety of theory-based school-based drug prevention programmes have been developed and tested. The most effective programmes are delivered interactively and teach skills to help young people refuse drug offers, resist pro-drug influences, correct misperceptions that drug use is normative, and enhance social and personal competence skills. A key challenge is to identify mechanisms for the wide dissemination of evidence-based drug preventive interventions and ways to train providers to implement programmes effectively and thoroughly.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Drugs (Abingdon Engl)
                Drugs (Abingdon Engl)
                IDEP
                idep20
                Drugs (Abingdon, England)
                Taylor & Francis
                0968-7637
                2019
                29 May 2018
                : 26
                : 3
                : 229-237
                Affiliations
                DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University , Cardiff, UK
                Author notes
                CONTACT Rachel Brown Brownr14@ 123456cardiff.ac.uk DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University , 1-3 Museum Place, CardiffCF10 3BD, UK
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-1733
                Article
                1475548
                10.1080/09687637.2018.1475548
                6474724
                fb36d395-7c1a-4646-9df2-f61d74ddd859
                © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 21 December 2017
                : 01 May 2018
                : 08 May 2018
                Page count
                Pages: 9, Words: 8400
                Funding
                Funded by: Medical Research Council 10.13039/501100000265
                Funded by: Alcohol Research UK 10.13039/501100000280
                Funded by: UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence 10.13039/501100001921
                Award ID: MR/KO232331/1
                Funded by: British Heart Foundation 10.13039/501100000274
                Funded by: Cancer Research UK 10.13039/501100000289
                Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council 10.13039/501100000269
                Funded by: Welsh Government
                Funded by: Wellcome Trust 10.13039/100004440
                This PhD thesis was supported by the Medical Research Council and Alcohol Research UK. The work was undertaken with the support of The Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Joint funding [MR/KO232331/1] from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, the Welsh Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged.
                Categories
                Original Articles

                alcohol education,university/college,qualitative,harm reduction

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