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      CD44 +/CD24 − phenotype predicts a poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer

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          Abstract

          Cancer stem cells are enriched in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumor tissues, which present strong capacities of proliferation and tumorigenicity. The present study detected the distribution of cancer stem cell markers cluster of differentiation (CD)44/CD24 and analyzed the clinical outcomes of different CD44/CD24 phenotypes in patients with TNBC. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed with regard to the prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers CD44/CD24, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 and other baseline clinical characteristics, including tumor size, lymph node involved, adjuvant chemotherapy, Ki-67, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1, cellular tumor antigen p53, vimentin and basal-like status. The multivariate analyses showed that three of these factors, CD44/CD24 phenotype, basal-like status and number of lymph nodes involved, had an impact on overall survival. Furthermore, patients with CD44 +/CD24 − phenotype, basal-like tumors and ≥4 lymph nodes involved had a significantly worse prognosis. The expression of CD44 and CD24 was detected by double-staining immunohistochemistry, which can locate cancer stem cells individually. Overall, the present results indicated that CD44/CD24 status evaluated by double-staining immunohistochemistry constitutes an independent prognostic factor for TNBC.

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          Gene-expression signatures in breast cancer.

          Christos Sotiriou, Lajos Pusztai (2009)
          Article 0 comments Cited 426 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-positive cancer stem cells mediate metastasis and poor clinical outcome in inflammatory breast cancer.

            Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret, Christophe Ginestier, Flora Iovino … (2010)
            To examine the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in mediating metastasis in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and the association of these cells with patient outcome in this aggressive type of breast cancer. CSCs were isolated from SUM149 and MARY-X, an IBC cell line and primary xenograft, by virtue of increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity as assessed by the ALDEFLUOR assay. Invasion and metastasis of CSC populations were assessed by in vitro and mouse xenograft assays. Expression of ALDH1 was determined on a retrospective series of 109 IBC patients and this was correlated with histoclinical data. All statistical tests were two sided. Log-rank tests using Kaplan-Meier analysis were used to determine the correlation of ALDH1 expression with development of metastasis and patient outcome. Both in vitro and xenograft assays showed that invasion and metastasis in IBC are mediated by a cellular component that displays ALDH activity. Furthermore, expression of ALDH1 in IBC was an independent predictive factor for early metastasis and decreased survival in this patient population. These results suggest that the metastatic, aggressive behavior of IBC may be mediated by a CSC component that displays ALDH enzymatic activity. ALDH1 expression represents the first independent prognostic marker to predict metastasis and poor patient outcome in IBC. The results illustrate how stem cell research can translate into clinical practice in the IBC field.
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              Triple negative tumours: a critical review.

              J S Reis-Filho, A Tutt (2008)
              Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that encompasses several distinct entities with remarkably different biological characteristics and clinical behaviour. Currently, breast cancer patients are managed according to algorithms based on a constellation of clinical and histopathological parameters in conjunction with assessment of hormone receptor (oestrogen and progesterone receptor) status and HER2 overexpression/gene amplification. Although effective tailored therapies have been developed for patients with hormone receptor-positive or HER2+ disease, chemotherapy is the only modality of systemic therapy for patients with breast cancers lacking the expression of these markers (triple-negative cancers). Recent microarray expression profiling analyses have demonstrated that breast cancers can be systematically characterized into biologically and clinically meaningful groups. These studies have led to the re-discovery of basal-like breast cancers, which preferentially show a triple-negative phenotype. Both triple-negative and basal-like cancers preferentially affect young and African-American women, are of high histological grade and have more aggressive clinical behaviour. Furthermore, a significant overlap between the biological and clinical characteristics of sporadic triple-negative and basal-like cancers and breast carcinomas arising in BRCA1 mutation carriers has been repeatedly demonstrated. In this review, we critically address the characteristics of basal-like and triple-negative cancers, their similarities and differences, their response to chemotherapy as well as strategies for the development of novel therapeutic targets for these aggressive types of breast cancer. In addition, the possible mechanisms are discussed leading to BRCA1 pathway dysfunction in sporadic triple-negative and basal-like cancers and animal models for these tumour types.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Oncol Lett
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Oncol Lett
                Journal ID (publisher-id): OL
                Title: Oncology Letters
                Publisher: D.A. Spandidos
                ISSN (Print): 1792-1074
                ISSN (Electronic): 1792-1082
                Publication date (Print): November 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 September 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 15 September 2017
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 5890-5898
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
                [2 ]Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China
                [3 ]Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
                [4 ]Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Professor Xinmei Kang or Professor Qingyuan Zhang, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China, E-mail: kxm791107@ 123456163.com , E-mail: zhangqymed@ 123456126.com
                [*]

                Contributed equally

                Article
                Publisher ID: OL-0-0-6959
                DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6959
                PMC ID: 5661458
                PubMed ID: 29113223
                SO-VID: fb62287c-3594-4674-ad07-f34e05b0539f
                Copyright © Copyright: © Wang et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date received : 10 October 2015
                Date accepted : 24 March 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Articles

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: triple-negative breast cancer,cancer stem cells,cd44,cd24,prognosis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Oncology & Radiotherapy
                Keywords: triple-negative breast cancer, cancer stem cells, cd44, cd24, prognosis

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