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      Prevalence, somatic cell count and etiology of bovine mastitis in Cuban herds from Mayabeque province using hand and machine milking Translated title: Prevalencia, conteo de células somáticas y etiología de la mastitis bovina en rebaños cubanos de la provincia Mayabeque con ordeño manual y mecánico

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          Abstract

          Few studies have been developed to evaluate the differences of bovine mastitis situation between hand and machine milking under the American tropic conditions. Twenty dairy herds were studied, 11 using hand milking (HM) and 9 machine milking (MM), from «San José de las Lajas» municipality, Mayabeque province. Between May 2009 and March 2012, samples from 182 cows (113 MM and 69 HM) were obtained meaning a 35.1% of total milking cows, resulting in 708 quarters sampled (435 MM and 273 HM). Samples were subjected to bacteriological diagnosis and somatic cell count (SCC). There were significant differences for the prevalence of blind quarters, subclinical mastitis and intramammary infections between hand milking, 1.1; 29.4 and 59.4% and machine milking, 3.8; 59.0 and 79.9%, respectively. A significant difference was found for somatic cell count averages, with 361 000 and 984 000 cells/ml for hand and machine milking, respectively. Only Streptococcus agalactiae had a difference of statistical relevance for distribution by herds, 18.2% in hand milking and 88.9% in machine milking. In samples from herds with hand milking, the pathogens of higher frequency were: Corynebacterium bovis 24.4 %, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus 13.3% and Staphylococcus aureus 6.6%; those in machine milking herds were: Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus 33.0%, Corynebacterium bovis 15.8 % and Streptococcus agalactiae 7.4%. The somatic cell count averages for the bacteriological diagnoses showed a significant difference between milking types, for negative quarters, Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium bovis. Bovine mastitis presented a worse situation in the herds using machine milking.

          Translated abstract

          En el trópico americano se han realizado pocos trabajos para evaluar las diferencias de la mastitis bovina entre ordeño manual y mecánico. Fueron estudiadas 20 propiedades productoras de leche bovina, 11 con ordeño manual y 9 con ordeño mecánico, del municipio San José de las Lajas, provincia Mayabeque. Entre mayo de 2009 y marzo de 2012 se tomaron muestras de 182 vacas (113 ordeño mecánico y 69 manual); del 35.1% de las vacas en ordeño, se obtuvieron 708 muestras de cuartos (435 y 273). Las muestras fueron sometidas a diagnóstico bacteriológico y Conteo de Células Somáticas (CCS). Se encontraron diferencias significativas para la prevalencia de cuartos atrofiados, mastitis subclínica e infecciones intramamarias entre ordeño manual, 1,1; 29,4 y 59,4% y ordeño mecánico, 3,8; 59,0 y 79,9% respectivamente. Existió diferencia significativa en la media del CCS, con 361 000 y 984 000 células/ml para ordeño manual y mecánico respectivamente. Solamente Streptococcus agalactiae tuvo una diferencia de relevancia estadística en la distribución por rebaños, con 18,2 % en ordeño manual y 88,9% en mecánico. En ordeño manual los patógenos de mayor frecuencia fueron: Corynebacterium bovis 24,4%, Staphylococcus Coagulasa Negativo (SCN) 13,3% y Staphylococcus aureus 6,6%; en ordeño mecánico: SCN 33,0%, Corynebacterium bovis 15,8% y Streptococcus agalactiae 7,4%. Los CCS medios según los diagnósticos bacteriológicos solamente evidenciaron una diferencia significativa entre tipos de ordeño, para cuartos negativos, SCN y Corynebacterium bovis. En los rebaños estudiados, la mastitis bovina presenta peor situación en el ordeño mecánico.

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          Most cited references38

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          Coagulase-negative staphylococci-emerging mastitis pathogens.

          Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) have become the most common bovine mastitis isolate in many countries and could therefore be described as emerging mastitis pathogens. The prevalence of CNS mastitis is higher in primiparous cows than in older cows. CNS are not as pathogenic as the other principal mastitis pathogens and infection mostly remains subclinical. However, CNS can cause persistent infections, which result in increased milk somatic cell count (SCC) and decreased milk quality. CNS infection can damage udder tissue and lead to decreased milk production. Staphylococcus simulans and Staphylococcus chromogenes are currently the predominant CNS species in bovine mastitis. S. chromogenes is the major CNS species affecting nulliparous and primiparous cows whereas S. simulans has been isolated more frequently from older cows. Multiparous cows generally become infected with CNS during later lactation whereas primiparous cows develop infection before or shortly after calving. CNS mastitis is not a therapeutic problem as cure rates after antimicrobial treatment are usually high. Based on current knowledge, it is difficult to determine whether CNS species behave as contagious or environmental pathogens. Control measures against contagious mastitis pathogens, such as post-milking teat disinfection, reduce CNS infections in the herd. Phenotypic methods for identification of CNS are not sufficiently reliable, and molecular methods may soon replace them. Knowledge of the CNS species involved in bovine mastitis is limited. The dairy industry would benefit from more research on the epidemiology of CNS mastitis and more reliable methods for species identification.
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            Coagulase-negative staphylococci as cause of bovine mastitis- not so different from Staphylococcus aureus?

            In this review of the literature, mastitis-causing coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus are compared. Staphylococci are the bacteria most commonly isolated from bovine mastitis, and CNS are now predominant over S. aureus in most countries. CNS include various species, but only a few prevail in bovine mastitis. S. aureus can cause clinical mastitis, but often causes subclinical mastitis, which remains persistent and increases milk somatic cell count. CNS, traditionally regarded as minor pathogens, seem to lack the ability to cause severe mastitis. CNS can, however, persist in the mammary gland and moderately increase milk somatic cell count. Resistance to various antimicrobials is more common in CNS than in S. aureus, but CNS mastitis responds much better to antimicrobial treatment than S. aureus mastitis.
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              CNS mastitis: nothing to worry about?

              In this paper, we analyzed a very large field data set on intramammary infections (IMI) and the associated somatic cell count (SCC) in dairy cows. The objective of the study was to analyze the impact of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) IMI on cow SCC, both mean and variability, and on the potential of these infections to have a major impact on the bulk milk SCC (BMSCC). Data and milk samples for bacterial culture were collected by Quality Milk Production Services (QMPS) between 1992 and March of 2007. The QMPS program services dairy farms in New York State and other states in the Northeastern USA and operates in conjunction with Cornell University. Only records from cows where SCC and milk production data were available, and where only one organism was isolated from bacterial cultures of milk samples (or where culture was negative) were used for this analysis. A total of 352,614 records from 4200 whole herd mastitis screening sampling qualified for this study. Within herds an average of 15% (S.D. 12%) of cows sampled were infected with CNS, ranging between 0 and 100%. Average within herd prevalence of cows with a CNS IMI and an SCC over 200,000 cells/ml was 2% (S.D. 4%) with a minimum of 0% and a maximum of 50%. Results of linear mixed models showed three distinct populations of IMI statuses: negative cultures with the lowest SCC; CNS and Corynebacterium bovis with a moderate increase in SCC, and Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus showing an important increase in SCC. Surprisingly, milk production was slightly but significantly higher in CNS infected cows compared to culture-negative cows, whereas it was strongly reduced in cows with a major pathogen IMI. The percentage contribution of CNS infections to the BMSCC was 17.9% in herds with a BMSCC less than 200,000 cells/ml. This value decreased to 11.9 and 7.9% in herds with bulk milk SCC between 200,000 and 400,000 and over 400,000 cells/ml, respectively. We concluded that very few herds with milk quality problems would have an important increase in BMSCC that could be mostly attributed to CNS infections. On the other hand, in herds with low BMSCC, CNS infections may be an important contributor to the total number of somatic cells in the bulk milk.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rsa
                Revista de Salud Animal
                Rev Salud Anim.
                Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (La Habana )
                2224-4700
                April 2014
                : 36
                : 1
                : 7-13
                Affiliations
                [1 ] National Center for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA) Cuba
                Article
                S0253-570X2014000100002
                fb83bb8d-dd27-49e0-80ee-70bbbc9af98c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0253-570X&lng=en
                Categories
                ACOUSTICS

                Acoustics
                bovine mastitis,coagulase negative Staphylococcus,Corynebacterium bovis,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus agalactiae,Mastitis bovina,Staphylococcus Coagulasa Negativo

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