ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile:  Caliciviridae

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Abstract

The family Caliciviridae includes viruses with single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes of 7.4–8.3 kb. The most clinically important representatives are human noroviruses, which are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans. Virions are non-enveloped with icosahedral symmetry. Members of seven genera infect mammals ( Lagovirus, Norovirus, Nebovirus, Recovirus, Sapovirus, Valovirus and Vesivirus), members of two genera infect birds ( Bavovirus and Nacovirus), and members of two genera infect fish ( Minovirus and Salovirus). This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Caliciviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/caliciviridae.

Most cited references 10

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John-Sebastian Eden, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Edward C. Holmes … (2018)

Our understanding of the diversity and evolution of vertebrate RNA viruses is largely limited to those found in mammalian and avian hosts and associated with overt disease. Here, using a large-scale meta-transcriptomic approach, we discover 214 vertebrate-associated viruses in reptiles, amphibians, lungfish, ray-finned fish, cartilaginous fish and jawless fish. The newly discovered viruses appear in every family or genus of RNA virus associated with vertebrate infection, including those containing human pathogens such as influenza virus, the Arenaviridae and Filoviridae families, and have branching orders that broadly reflected the phylogenetic history of their hosts. We establish a long evolutionary history for most groups of vertebrate RNA virus, and support this by evaluating evolutionary timescales using dated orthologous endogenous virus elements. We also identify new vertebrate-specific RNA viruses and genome architectures, and re-evaluate the evolution of vector-borne RNA viruses. In summary, this study reveals diverse virus-host associations across the entire evolutionary history of the vertebrates.

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B Prasad, M. E. Hardy, T Dokland … (1999)

Norwalk virus, a noncultivatable human calicivirus, is the major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in humans. The first x-ray structure of a calicivirus capsid, which consists of 180 copies of a single protein, has been determined by phase extension from a low-resolution electron microscopy structure. The capsid protein has a protruding (P) domain connected by a flexible hinge to a shell (S) domain that has a classical eight-stranded beta-sandwich motif. The structure of the P domain is unlike that of any other viral protein with a subdomain exhibiting a fold similar to that of the second domain in the eukaryotic translation elongation factor-Tu. This subdomain, located at the exterior of the capsid, has the largest sequence variation among Norwalk-like human caliciviruses and is likely to contain the determinants of strain specificity and cell binding.

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Human noroviruses are a major cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide and can chronically infect immunocompromised patients. Efforts to develop effective vaccines and antivirals have been hindered by the uncultivable nature and extreme genetic diversity of human noroviruses. Although they remain a particularly challenging pathogen to study, recent advances in norovirus animal models and in vitro cultivation systems have led to an increased understanding of norovirus molecular biology and replication, pathogenesis, cell tropism, and innate and adaptive immunity. Furthermore, clinical trials of vaccines consisting of nonreplicating virus-like particles have shown promise. In this review, we summarize these recent advances and discuss controversies in the field, which is rapidly progressing toward generation of antiviral agents and increasingly effective vaccines. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Gen Virol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J. Gen. Virol

Journal ID (hwp): jgv

Journal ID (publisher-id): jgv

Title: The Journal of General Virology

Publisher: Microbiology Society

ISSN (Print): 0022-1317

ISSN (Electronic): 1465-2099

Publication date (Print): November 2019

Publication date (Electronic): 1 October 2019

Volume: 100

Issue: 11

Pages: 1469-1470

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] departmentDivision of Viral Diseases , National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA, USA

[ ² ] Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX, USA

[ ³ ] CIBIO/InBio – Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto , Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal

[ ⁴ ] Caliciviruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD, USA

[ ⁵ ] departmentLaboratory of Viral infection I, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences , Kitasato University , Tokyo, Japan

[ ⁶ ] The Pirbright Institute , Pirbright, Surrey, UK

[ ⁷ ] Université de Montréal , Montréal, Canada

[ ⁸ ] departmentDepartment of Veterinary Medicine , University Aldo Moro of Bari , Valenzano, Bari, Italy

[ ⁹ ] Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) , Bilthoven, The Netherlands

[ ¹⁰ ] departmentSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science , University of New South Wales , Sydney, Australia

Author notes

*Correspondence: Jan Vinjé, jvinje@ 123456cdc.gov

Article

Publisher ID: 001332

DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001332

PMC ID: 7011698

PubMed ID: 31573467

SO-VID: fb8ce19e-3c29-4e31-b9c4-43c22b76a859

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 04 September 2019

Date accepted : 05 September 2019

Funding

Funded by: Wellcome Trust (GB)

Award ID: WT108418AIA

Award Recipient : ICTV Consortium

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ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Caliciviridae

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