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      Renal stem cells: fact or science fiction?

      review-article
      Author(s): , 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Biochemical Journal
      Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
      Keywords: kidney, kidney development, kidney disease, neonephrogenesis, regeneration, repair, stem cell, ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(s), AKI, acute kidney injury, ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase, BMSC, bone marrow stem cell, BrdU, bromodeoxyuridine, CAKUT, congenital and acquired diseases of the kidney and urinary tract, CM, cap mesenchyme, eGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein, EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, ES, embryonic stem, ESRD, end-stage renal disease, GBM, glomerular basement membrane, GFP, green fluorescent protein, Lhx1, Lim homeobox 1, LRC, label-retaining cell, MET, mesenchymal–epithelial transition, MKPC, mouse kidney progenitor cell, MM, metanephric mesenchyme, MRPC, multipotent renal progenitor cell, MSC, mesenchymal stem cell, Myh9, myosin heavy chain 9, NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1, Oct4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Osr1, odd-skipped-related 1, PA, pretubular aggregate, Pax2, paired box gene 2, PDX, podocalyxin, PEC, parietal epithelial cell, RV, renal vesicle, Sca-1, stem cell antigen-1, SM, stromal mesenchyme, SP, side population, UB, ureteric bud, VIM, vimentin, Wt1, wilms tumour 1

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          Abstract

          The kidney is widely regarded as an organ without regenerative abilities. However, in recent years this dogma has been challenged on the basis of observations of kidney recovery following acute injury, and the identification of renal populations that demonstrate stem cell characteristics in various species. It is currently speculated that the human kidney can regenerate in some contexts, but the mechanisms of renal regeneration remain poorly understood. Numerous controversies surround the potency, behaviour and origins of the cell types that are proposed to perform kidney regeneration. The present review explores the current understanding of renal stem cells and kidney regeneration events, and examines the future challenges in using these insights to create new clinical treatments for kidney disease.

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          Most cited references141

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          Stem cells and niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life.

          Sean Morrison, Allan Spradling (2008)
          Niches are local tissue microenvironments that maintain and regulate stem cells. Long-predicted from mammalian studies, these structures have recently been characterized within several invertebrate tissues using methods that reliably identify individual stem cells and their functional requirements. Although similar single-cell resolution has usually not been achieved in mammalian tissues, principles likely to govern the behavior of niches in diverse organisms are emerging. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating how the microenvironment promotes stem cell maintenance. Mechanisms of stem cell maintenance are key to the regulation of homeostasis and likely contribute to aging and tumorigenesis when altered during adulthood.
          Article 0 comments Cited 526 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: approaches and initiatives - a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes.

            A S Levey, R. Atkins, J Coresh … (2007)
            Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a global public health problem. There is now convincing evidence that CKD can be detected using simple laboratory tests, and that treatment can prevent or delay complications of decreased kidney function, slow the progression of kidney disease, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Translating these advances to simple and applicable public health measures must be adopted as a goal worldwide. Understanding the relationship between CKD and other chronic diseases is important to developing a public health policy to improve outcomes. The 2004 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference on 'Definition and Classification of Chronic Kidney Disease' represented an important endorsement of the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative definition and classification of CKD by the international community. The 2006 KDIGO Controversies Conference on CKD was convened to consider six major topics: (1) CKD classification, (2) CKD screening and surveillance, (3) public policy for CKD, (4) CVD and CVD risk factors as risk factors for development and progression of CKD, (5) association of CKD with chronic infections, and (6) association of CKD with cancer. This report contains the recommendations from the meeting. It has been reviewed by the conference participants and approved as position statement by the KDIGO Board of Directors. KDIGO will work in collaboration with international and national public health organizations to facilitate implementation of these recommendations.
            Article 0 comments Cited 451 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Stem cells, the molecular circuitry of pluripotency and nuclear reprogramming.

              Rudolf Jaenisch, Richard Young (2008)
              Reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like state has been achieved by nuclear transplantation of a somatic nucleus into an enucleated egg and most recently by introducing defined transcription factors into somatic cells. Nuclear reprogramming is of great medical interest, as it has the potential to generate a source of patient-specific cells. Here, we review strategies to reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic state and discuss our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming based on recent insights into the regulatory circuitry of the pluripotent state.
              Article 0 comments Cited 350 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biochem J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biochem. J
                Journal ID (pmc): bic
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BJ
                Title: Biochemical Journal
                Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0264-6021
                ISSN (Electronic): 1470-8728
                Publication date (Electronic): 11 May 2012
                Publication date (Print): 1 June 2012
                Volume: 444
                Issue: Pt 2
                Pages: 153-168
                Affiliations
                Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, U.S.A.
                Author notes
                1To whom correspondence should be addressed (email rwingert@ 123456nd.edu ).
                Article
                Publisher ID: BJ20120176
                DOI: 10.1042/BJ20120176
                PMC ID: 3350370
                PubMed ID: 22574774
                SO-VID: fba398a1-031e-4d56-85d6-8967feaf59f3
                Copyright © © 2012 The Author(s) The author(s) has paid for this article to be freely available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 30 January 2012
                Date revision received : 21 March 2012
                Date accepted : 21 March 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 1, References: 154, Pages: 16
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry
                Keywords: lrc, label-retaining cell,mm, metanephric mesenchyme,brdu, bromodeoxyuridine,pax2, paired box gene 2,aki, acute kidney injury,mkpc, mouse kidney progenitor cell,cakut, congenital and acquired diseases of the kidney and urinary tract,met, mesenchymal–epithelial transition,rv, renal vesicle,kidney,ub, ureteric bud,pa, pretubular aggregate,gfp, green fluorescent protein,pdx, podocalyxin,lhx1, lim homeobox 1,sm, stromal mesenchyme,oct4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4,kidney development,repair,wt1, wilms tumour 1,esrd, end-stage renal disease,sca-1, stem cell antigen-1,myh9, myosin heavy chain 9,aldh, aldehyde dehydrogenase,regeneration,emt, epithelial–mesenchymal transition,vim, vimentin,sp, side population,pec, parietal epithelial cell,nfatc1, nuclear factor of activated t-cells cytoplasmic 1,neonephrogenesis,cm, cap mesenchyme,es, embryonic stem,stem cell,msc, mesenchymal stem cell,egfp, enhanced green fluorescent protein,bmsc, bone marrow stem cell,kidney disease,gbm, glomerular basement membrane,acei, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(s),mrpc, multipotent renal progenitor cell,osr1, odd-skipped-related 1
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry
                Keywords: lrc, label-retaining cell, mm, metanephric mesenchyme, brdu, bromodeoxyuridine, pax2, paired box gene 2, aki, acute kidney injury, mkpc, mouse kidney progenitor cell, cakut, congenital and acquired diseases of the kidney and urinary tract, met, mesenchymal–epithelial transition, rv, renal vesicle, kidney, ub, ureteric bud, pa, pretubular aggregate, gfp, green fluorescent protein, pdx, podocalyxin, lhx1, lim homeobox 1, sm, stromal mesenchyme, oct4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, kidney development, repair, wt1, wilms tumour 1, esrd, end-stage renal disease, sca-1, stem cell antigen-1, myh9, myosin heavy chain 9, aldh, aldehyde dehydrogenase, regeneration, emt, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, vim, vimentin, sp, side population, pec, parietal epithelial cell, nfatc1, nuclear factor of activated t-cells cytoplasmic 1, neonephrogenesis, cm, cap mesenchyme, es, embryonic stem, stem cell, msc, mesenchymal stem cell, egfp, enhanced green fluorescent protein, bmsc, bone marrow stem cell, kidney disease, gbm, glomerular basement membrane, acei, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(s), mrpc, multipotent renal progenitor cell, osr1, odd-skipped-related 1

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