The effects of polyphenol supplementation on adipose tissue morphology and gene expression in overweight and obese humans

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ABSTRACT

Dietary polyphenols have beneficial effects on adipose tissue mass and function in rodents, but human studies are scarce. In a randomized, placebo-controlled study, 25 (10 women) overweight and obese humans received a combination of the polyphenols epigallocatechin-gallate and resveratrol (282 mg/d, 80 mg/d, respectively, EGCG+RES, n = 11) or placebo (PLA, n = 14) supplementation for 12 weeks. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were collected for assessment of adipocyte morphology and micro-array analysis. EGCG+RES had no effects on adipocyte size and distribution compared with PLA. However, we identified pathways contributing to adipogenesis, cell cycle and apoptosis were significantly downregulated by EGCG+RES versus PLA. Furthermore, EGCG+RES significantly decreased expression of pathways related to energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune defense as compared with PLA. In conclusion, the SAT gene expression profile indicates a reduced cell turnover after 12-week EGCG+RES in overweight-obese subjects. It remains to be elucidated whether these alterations translate into long-term metabolic effects.

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Cancer prevention by tea: animal studies, molecular mechanisms and human relevance.

Chung S. Yang, Xin. Wang, Gang Lu … (2009)

Extracts of tea, especially green tea, and tea polyphenols have been shown to inhibit the formation and development of tumours at different organ sites in animal models. There is considerable evidence that tea polyphenols, in particular (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, inhibit enzyme activities and signal transduction pathways, resulting in the suppression of cell proliferation and enhancement of apoptosis, as well as the inhibition of cell invasion,angiogenesis and metastasis. Here, we review these biological activities and existing data relating tea consumption to human cancer risk in an attempt to understand the potential use of tea for cancer prevention.

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Microarray validation: factors influencing correlation between oligonucleotide microarrays and real-time PCR

Jeanine S Morey, James C Ryan, Frances Van Dolah (2006)

Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a commonly used validation tool for confirming gene expression results obtained from microarray analysis; however, microarray and qPCR data often result in disagreement. The current study assesses factors contributing to the correlation between these methods in five separate experiments employing two-color 60-mer oligonucleotide microarrays and qPCR using SYBR green. Overall, significant correlation was observed between microarray and qPCR results (ρ=0.708, p 0.80 consistently observed when quality scores are applied.

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Adipocyte Turnover: Relevance to Human Adipose Tissue Morphology

Erik Arner, Pal O. Westermark, Kirsty Spalding … (2009)

OBJECTIVE Adipose tissue may contain few large adipocytes (hypertrophy) or many small adipocytes (hyperplasia). We investigated factors of putative importance for adipose tissue morphology. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subcutaneous adipocyte size and total fat mass were compared in 764 subjects with BMI 18–60 kg/m2. A morphology value was defined as the difference between the measured adipocyte volume and the expected volume given by a curved-line fit for a given body fat mass and was related to insulin values. In 35 subjects, in vivo adipocyte turnover was measured by exploiting incorporation of atmospheric 14C into DNA. RESULTS Occurrence of hyperplasia (negative morphology value) or hypertrophy (positive morphology value) was independent of sex and body weight but correlated with fasting plasma insulin levels and insulin sensitivity, independent of adipocyte volume (β-coefficient = 0.3, P < 0.0001). Total adipocyte number and morphology were negatively related (r = −0.66); i.e., the total adipocyte number was greatest in pronounced hyperplasia and smallest in pronounced hypertrophy. The absolute number of new adipocytes generated each year was 70% lower (P < 0.001) in hypertrophy than in hyperplasia, and individual values for adipocyte generation and morphology were strongly related (r = 0.7, P < 0.001). The relative death rate (∼10% per year) or mean age of adipocytes (∼10 years) was not correlated with morphology. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue morphology correlates with insulin measures and is linked to the total adipocyte number independently of sex and body fat level. Low generation rates of adipocytes associate with adipose tissue hypertrophy, whereas high generation rates associate with adipose hyperplasia.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Adipocyte

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Adipocyte

Journal ID (publisher-id): KADI

Journal ID (publisher-id): kadi20

Title: Adipocyte

Publisher: Taylor & Francis

ISSN (Print): 2162-3945

ISSN (Electronic): 2162-397X

Publication date Collection: 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 22 May 2018

Publication date PMC-release: 22 May 2018

Volume: 7

Issue: 3

Pages: 190-196

Affiliations

[a ]Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ , the Netherlands

[b ]DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Research and Development, Human Nutrition and Health ; Basel, Switzerland

[c ]Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University , Wageningen, The Netherlands

Author notes

CONTACT Prof. Ellen E. Blaak e.blaak@ 123456maastrichtuniversity.nl P.O. BOX 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher's website.

Author information

Jasper Most http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8591-5629

Ines Warnke http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-8115

Article

Publisher ID: 1469942

DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1469942

PMC ID: 6224187

PubMed ID: 29786471

SO-VID: fba3fb37-383a-4445-b92c-75cf92b166e2

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date received : 12 December 2017

Date accepted : 20 April 2018

Page count

Figures: 2, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 7

Funding

Funded by: ALPRO foundation

This study was funded by the ALPRO foundation. Supplements were kindly provided by Pure Encapsulations Inc.

The effects of polyphenol supplementation on adipose tissue morphology and gene expression in overweight and obese humans

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Most cited references 17

Cancer prevention by tea: animal studies, molecular mechanisms and human relevance.

Microarray validation: factors influencing correlation between oligonucleotide microarrays and real-time PCR

Adipocyte Turnover: Relevance to Human Adipose Tissue Morphology

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