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      Polymer mimics of biomacromolecular antifreezes

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          Abstract

          Antifreeze proteins from polar fish species are remarkable biomacromolecules which prevent the growth of ice crystals. Ice crystal growth is a major problem in cell/tissue cryopreservation for transplantation, transfusion and basic biomedical research, as well as technological applications such as icing of aircraft wings. This review will introduce the rapidly emerging field of synthetic macromolecular (polymer) mimics of antifreeze proteins. Particular focus is placed on designing polymers which have no structural similarities to antifreeze proteins but reproduce the same macroscopic properties, potentially by different molecular-level mechanisms. The application of these polymers to the cryopreservation of donor cells is also introduced.

          Abstract

          Ice crystal growth is a major problem in cell and tissue cryopreservation for transplantation, transfusion, icing of aircraft wings and many other applications. Here the authors review the emerging field of synthetic macromolecular mimics of antifreeze proteins that can be used overcome such problems.

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          The convergence of synthetic organic and polymer chemistries.

          Craig Hawker, Karen L. Wooley (2005)
          Several recent conceptual advances, which take advantage of the design criteria and practical techniques of molecular-level control in organic chemistry, allow preparation of well-defined polymers and nanostructured materials. Two trends are clear: the realization that synthesis of complex macromolecules poses major challenges and opportunities and the expectation that such materials will exhibit distinctive properties and functions. Polymer synthesis methods now being developed will yield well-defined synthetic macromolecules that are capable of mimicking many of the features of proteins (for example, three-dimensional folded structure) and other natural materials. These macromolecules have far-reaching potential for the study of molecular-level behavior at interfaces, in thin films, and in solution, while also enabling the development of encapsulation, drug-delivery, and nanoscale-patterning technologies.
          Article 0 comments Cited 218 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Prevention of freezing damage to living cells by dimethyl sulphoxide.

            Catherine Lovelock, Barney Bishop (1959)
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              Adsorption inhibition as a mechanism of freezing resistance in polar fishes.

              Rebecca A DeVries, Gregory Raymond (1977)
              Polar fishes are known to have serum proteins and glycoproteins that protect them from freezing, by a noncolligative process. Measurements of antifreeze concentrations in ice and scanning electron micrographs of freeze-dried antifreeze solutions indicate that the antifreezes are incorporated in ice during freezing. The antifreezes also have a pronounced effect on the crystal habit of ice grown in their presence. Each of four antifreezes investigated caused ice to grow in long needles whose axes were parallel to the ice c axis. Together these results indicate the antifreezes adsorb to ice surfaces and inhibit their growth. A model in which adsorbed antifreezes raise the curvature of growth steps on the ice surface is proposed to account for the observed depression of the temperature at which freezing occurs and agrees well with experimental observations. The model is similar to one previously proposed for other cases of crystal growth inhibition.
              Article 0 comments Cited 124 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Matthew I. Gibson:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-1278
                m.i.gibson@warwick.ac.uk
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Commun
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Commun
                Title: Nature Communications
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-1723
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 November 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 November 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 8
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1546
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8809 1613, GRID grid.7372.1, Department of Chemistry, , University of Warwick, ; Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0000 8809 1613, GRID grid.7372.1, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, ; Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-3132
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5448-1722
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1313-6874
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1756-705X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9470-9560
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8297-1278
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1421
                DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01421-7
                PMC ID: 5688100
                PubMed ID: 29142216
                SO-VID: fbc985a5-722b-474c-ad00-fad0ec38b976
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2017
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 16 May 2017
                Date accepted : 15 September 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2017

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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