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      Parasitizing behavior of Cervellus piranga Penteado-Dias (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) on papaya borer weevil Pseudopiazurus obesus Marshall (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

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          Abstract

          Parasitizing behavior of Cervellus piranga Penteado-Dias (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) on papaya borer weevil Pseudopiazurus obesus Marshall (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). The papaya borer weevil Pseudopiazurus obesus is a pest associated with papaya crops in Brazil and Cervellus piranga is a naturally-occurring parasitoid which may contribute to regulate populations of this pest. We aimed at describing the parasitizing behavior of the parasitoid C. piranga on papaya borer weevil P. obesus larvae under field conditions. The sequence of events related to the parasitizing behavior of C. piranga is similar to other braconid species and includes the location and recognition of the attacked host plant followed by walks on the host plant and touching it with the tip of the antennae and the ovipositor. In the following event, the parasitoid assesses the suitability of the host by speeding up antennae and ovipositor movements. After locating and accepting the host, the parasitoid remains inactive on oviposition aperture sites and starts moving the antennae. Afterwards, the parasitoid inserts its ovipositor and starts cleaning it repeatedly. The female of C. piranga inserts the ovipositor through the hole and lay one egg into the papaya weevil borer. After oviposition, the female cleans continuously both ovipositor and antennae before leaving to forage for a new host.

          Translated abstract

          Comportamento de parasitismo de Cervellus piranga Penteado-Dias (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) sobre a broca-do-mamoeiro Pseudopiazurus obesus Marshall (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). A broca-do-mamoeiro Pseudopiazurus obesus é uma praga de cultivos de mamão no Brasil e Cervellus piranga é um parasitóide que ocorre naturalmente no campo e pode contribuir para a regulação da população desta praga. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a descrição do comportamento de parasitismo do parasitoide C. piranga sobre larvas da broca-do-mamoeiro P. obesus em condições de campo. A sequência de eventos relacionados ao parasitismo de C. piranga é similar a outras espécies de braconídeos e inclui a localização e o reconhecimento da planta hospedeira atacada, caminhamento na planta e toque desta com as antenas e o ovipositor. No próximo evento, o parasitoide acessa a adequabilidade do hospedeiro através do aumento dos movimentos da antena e do ovipositor. Após localizar e aceitar o hospedeiro, o parasitoide fica imóvel no sítio de oviposição e inicia a movimentar a antena. Em seguida, o parasitoide insere o ovipositor e o limpa repetidamente. A fêmea de C. piranga insere o ovipositor através da abertura e deposita um ovo na broca-do-mamoeiro. Após a oviposição, a fêmea limpa continuamente o ovipositor e a antena e abandona a planta para um novo forrageamento.

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          Most cited references17

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          Ecology of Infochemical Use by Natural Enemies in a Tritrophic Context

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            Emission of Plutella xylostella-induced compounds from cabbages grown at elevated CO2 and orientation behavior of the natural enemies.

            Several plant species defend themselves indirectly from herbivores by producing herbivore-induced volatile compounds that attract the natural enemies of herbivores. Here we tested the effects of elevated atmospheric CO(2) (720 micromol mol(-1)) concentration on this indirect defense, physiological properties, and constitutive and induced emissions of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata, cvs Lennox and Rinda). We monitored the orientation behavior of the generalist predator Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) and the specialist parasitoid Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to plants damaged by Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in the Y-tube olfactometer. Elevated CO(2) levels did not affect stomatal densities but reduced specific leaf area and increased leaf thickness in cv Lennox. In addition to enhanced constitutive monoterpene emission, P. xylostella-damaged cabbages emitted homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, sesquiterpene (E,E)-alpha-farnesene, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Growth at elevated CO(2) had no significant effect on the emissions expressed per leaf area, while minor reduction in the emission of homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene and (E,E)-alpha-farnesene was observed at elevated CO(2) in one of two experiments. The generalist predator P. maculiventris discriminated only between the odors of intact and P. xylostella-damaged cv Rinda plants grown at ambient CO(2) concentration, preferring the odor of the damaged plants. The specialist parasitoid C. plutellae preferred the odor of damaged plants of both cultivars grown at ambient CO(2) but did not detect damaged cv Lennox plants grown at elevated CO(2). The results suggest that elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration could weaken the plant response induced by insect herbivore feeding and thereby lead to a disturbance of signaling to the third trophic level.
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              Plant strategies of manipulating predatorprey interactions through allelochemicals: Prospects for application in pest control.

              To understand the role of allelochemicals in predator-prey interactions it is not sufficient to study the behavioral responses of predator and prey. One should elucidate the origin of the allelochemicals and be aware that it may be located at another trophic level. These aspects are reviewed for predator-prey interactions in general and illustrated in detail for interactions between predatory mites and herbivorous mites. In the latter system there is behavioral and chemical evidence for the involvement of the host plant in production of volatile allelochemicals upon damage by the herbivores with the consequence of attracting predators. These volatiles not only influence predator behavior, but also prey behavior and even the attractiveness of nearby plants to predators. Herbivorous mites disperse away from places with high concentrations of the volatiles, and undamaged plants attract more predators when previously exposed to volatiles from infested conspecific plants rather than from uninfested plants. The latter phenomenon may well be an example of plant-to-plant communication. The involvement of the host plant is probably not unique to the predator-herbivore-plant system under study. It may well be widespread since it makes sense from an evolutionary point of view. If so, prospects for application in pest control are wide open. These are discussed, and it is concluded that crop protection in the future should include tactics whereby man becomes an ally to plants in their strategies to manipulate predator-prey interactions through allelochemicals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rbent
                Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
                Rev. Bras. entomol.
                Sociedade Brasileira De Entomologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1806-9665
                December 2011
                : 55
                : 4
                : 612-614
                Affiliations
                [01] Aracaju SE orgnameEmbrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros Brasil mmoreiracpatc.embrapa.br; ad.teodoro@ 123456cpatc.embrapa.br
                [02] Curitiba PR orgnameUniversidade Federal do Paraná orgdiv1Departamento de Química Brasil pzarbin@ 123456quimica.ufpr.br
                [03] São Carlos SP orgnameUniversidade Federal de São Carlos orgdiv1Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva Brasil angelica@ 123456ufscar.br
                Article
                S0085-56262011000400019 S0085-5626(11)05500419
                fbd8289f-07c5-4e50-ad3c-293bdf6769a7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 October 2011
                : 19 April 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 3
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Short Communication

                sinomones,Kairomones,parasitoid,papaya pest,plant volatiles,Cairomônios,parasitoide,praga do mamão,sinomônios,voláteis de plantas

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