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      Bone mineral density, lung function, vitamin D and body composition in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a multicenter study Translated title: Densidad mineral ósea, función pulmonar, vitamina D y composición corporal en niños y adolescentes con fibrosis quística: estudio multicéntrico

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited disease in Caucasian population. Nowadays, long survival has led to the emergence of new complications, such as CF bone disease (CFBD), which is characterized by increased fracture risk. Objectives: evaluate the association of bone mineral density (BMD) with lung function and BMD with 25-hydroxivitamin D (25OHD) plasmatic levels in children/adolescents with CF. Methods: we conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study with clinically stable CF patients between five and 18 years. Weight, height, pubertal development, BMD and body composition (DXA), pulmonary function (FEV1 and FEF25-75) and 25OHD plasmatic levels were measured. Patients answered food intake and physical activity surveys. p values under 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: thirty-seven patients were enrolled, 51% with normal respiratory function. Mean BMD Z-score in lumbar spine and in total body less head were -0.4 and -0.5 respectively. Twenty seven percent had a fat free mass index below the third percentile, 89% had 25OHD levels lower than 30 ng/ml and 78.4% had a low calcium intake. We did not find any correlations between BMD Z-scores, lung function or 25OHD levels. Patients with fat free mass (FFM) below the third percentile had BMD Z-score lower than -1 more frequently, in both locations (p < 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: although most assessed patients had normal BMD and normal lung function, a high proportion had low: FFM, calcium intake and 25OHD levels. The association between low FFM and low BMD highlights the importance of improving body composition in CF patients, in order to prevent future CFBD.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la fibrosis quística (FQ) es la enfermedad hereditaria más frecuente en la población caucásica. La mayor sobrevida alcanzada ha favorecido la aparición de la enfermedad ósea (EO) asociada, con el consiguiente aumento del riesgo de fracturas. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) con la función pulmonar y con la concentración plasmática de 25-hidroxivitamina D (25OHD) en niños y adolescentes con FQ. Métodos: estudio transversal y multicéntrico, de pacientes con FQ de entre cinco y 18 años, clínicamente estables. Se evaluó peso, talla, desarrollo puberal, DMO y composición corporal (DXA), función pulmonar (FEF25-75 y VEF1), 25OHD plasmática e ingesta alimentaria y actividad física por encuestas. Se consideró una diferencia significativa si p < 0,05. Resultados: ingresaron 37 pacientes, 51% con función pulmonar normal. Los DMO-z promedio en columna lumbar y cuerpo total sin cabeza fueron -0,4 y -0,5, respectivamente. El 27% tuvo un índice de masa libre de grasa (IMLG) < p3, el 89% tuvo niveles insuficientes o deficientes de 25OHD y el 78,4% tuvo déficit de ingesta de calcio. No encontramos correlación entre el DMO-z con la función pulmonar ni con la concentración de 25OHD. Los pacientes con MLG < p3 tuvieron con mayor frecuencia DMO-z baja o en riesgo, en ambas localizaciones (p = 0,006 y p = 0,001 respectivamente). Conclusiones: aunque la mayoría de los pacientes tuvo una DMO y una función pulmonar normal, una alta proporción de sujetos presentaron déficit de MLG, baja ingesta de calcio y déficit de 25OHD. La asociación entre déficit de MLG y menor DMO revela la importancia de mejorar este factor para prevenir la enfermedad ósea futura.

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          A test for concentration of electrolytes in sweat in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas utilizing pilocarpine by iontophoresis.

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            Bone mass acquisition in healthy children.

            Although 80% of the variance in bone mass is determined genetically, there are many other factors which influence the accumulation of bone in early life and affect future risks of osteoporosis. This review considers the genetic, fetal, and environmental influences on bone mass acquisition in healthy children, and highlights important areas where paediatricians may have a role by counselling children and their families to adopt a healthy lifestyle which promotes bone health.
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              Osteoporosis and osteopenia in adults and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: prevalence and associated factors.

              Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have many risk factors for reduced bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in a large cross section of patients and to identify risk factors. All patients attending the regional centre were invited to participate in the study. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and for total body with a Lunar DPX-L densitometer. Multiple indices of disease severity were investigated, and liver and thyroid function, blood calcium, phosphate, 25-OH vitamin D, follicle stimulating and luteinising hormone, oestradiol, and testosterone levels were measured. Patients completed a four day prospective dietary diary. Exercise was assessed by a seven day activity recall questionnaire. Sexual development and treatment histories were obtained. The relationship between all these variables and BMD measurements was analysed. Sixty six percent of 114 patients assessed had osteopenia or osteoporosis. The Shwachman-Kulczycki (SK) clinical score (higher score = less severe disease) correlated significantly with BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and with total body BMD (p<0.001). There was a predicted increase of 0.0032 g/cm(2) in lumbar spine BMD for every unit increase in the SK score. Oral steroid use was significantly associated with reduced BMD at the lumbar spine (p = 0.017) and femoral neck (p = 0.027). Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common findings in a heterogeneous population of adults with CF. Patients at most risk are those with severe disease and those who have used corticosteroids.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2018
                : 35
                : 4
                : 789-795
                Affiliations
                [2] Santiago orgnameHospital Roberto del Río Chile
                [4] Santiago orgnameHospital Roberto del Río Chile
                [1] Las Condes orgnameClínica Cordillera Chile
                [5] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatría orgdiv2Unidad Respiratoria Infantil. Hospital Clínico San Borja Arriarán. Santiago, Chile Chile
                [6] San Ramón orgnameHospital Padre Hurtado Chile
                [9] Santiago orgnameUniversity of Chile orgdiv1Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) Chile
                [3] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil Norte Chile
                [7] Puente Alto orgnameHospital Sótero del Río Chile
                [8] Santiago orgnameHospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna Chile
                Article
                S0212-16112018000800789
                10.20960/nh.1609
                fbdd4c72-df5f-47ec-9f80-517c45d9e8b5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 April 2018
                : 04 October 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Fibrosis quística,Densidad mineral ósea,Vitamina D,Función pulmonar,Composición corporal,Cystic fibrosis,Bone mineral density,Vitamin D,Lung function,Body composition

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