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      Establishing IUCN Red List Criteria for Threatened Ecosystems

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      * , , ¶¶¶ , * , ¶¶¶ , , § , , # , ** , †† , , ‡‡ , §§ , ¶¶ , # , ## , *** , ### , *** , ††† , ‡‡‡ , ** , , §§§
      Conservation Biology
      Blackwell Publishing Inc
      ecosystem threat status, endangered ecosystems, IUCN categories and criteria, IUCN Red List, threatened ecosystems, categorías y criterios IUCN, ecosistemas amenazados, ecosistemas en peligro, estatus de amenaza a ecosistemas, Lista Roja de la UICN

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          The potential for conservation of individual species has been greatly advanced by the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) development of objective, repeatable, and transparent criteria for assessing extinction risk that explicitly separate risk assessment from priority setting. At the IV World Conservation Congress in 2008, the process began to develop and implement comparable global standards for ecosystems. A working group established by the IUCN has begun formulating a system of quantitative categories and criteria, analogous to those used for species, for assigning levels of threat to ecosystems at local, regional, and global levels. A final system will require definitions of ecosystems; quantification of ecosystem status; identification of the stages of degradation and loss of ecosystems; proxy measures of risk (criteria); classification thresholds for these criteria; and standardized methods for performing assessments. The system will need to reflect the degree and rate of change in an ecosystem's extent, composition, structure, and function, and have its conceptual roots in ecological theory and empirical research. On the basis of these requirements and the hypothesis that ecosystem risk is a function of the risk of its component species, we propose a set of four criteria: recent declines in distribution or ecological function, historical total loss in distribution or ecological function, small distribution combined with decline, or very small distribution. Most work has focused on terrestrial ecosystems, but comparable thresholds and criteria for freshwater and marine ecosystems are also needed. These are the first steps in an international consultation process that will lead to a unified proposal to be presented at the next World Conservation Congress in 2012.

          Establecimiento de Criterios para la Lista Roja de UICN de Ecosistemas Amenazados

          Resumen

          El potencial para la conservación de muchas especies ha avanzado enormemente porque la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) ha desarrollado criterios objetivos, repetibles y transparentes para evaluar el riesgo de extinción que explícitamente separa la evaluación de riesgo de la definición de prioridades. En el IV Congreso Mundial de Conservación en 2008, el proceso comenzó a desarrollar e implementar estándares globales comparables para ecosistemas. Un grupo de trabajo establecido por la UICN ha formulado un sistema inicial de categorías y criterios cuantitativos, análogos a los utilizados para especies, para asignar niveles de amenaza a ecosistemas a niveles local, regional y global. Un sistema final requerirá de definiciones de ecosistemas; cuantificación del estatus de ecosistemas; identificación de las etapas de degradación y pérdida de los ecosistemas; medidas de riesgo (criterios) alternativas; umbrales de clasificación para esos criterios y métodos estandarizados para la realización de evaluaciones. El sistema deberá reflejar el nivel y tasa de cambio en la extensión, composición, estructura y funcionamiento de un ecosistema, y tener sus raíces conceptuales en la teoría ecológica y la investigación empírica. Sobre la base de esos requerimientos y la hipótesis de que el riesgo del ecosistema es una función del riesgo de las especies que lo componen, proponemos un conjunto de 4 criterios: declinaciones recientes en la distribución o funcionamiento ecológica, pérdida total histórica en la distribución o funcionamiento ecológico, distribución pequeña combinada con declinación, o distribución muy pequeña. La mayor parte del trabajo se ha concentrado en ecosistemas terrestres, pero también se requieren umbrales y criterios comparables para ecosistemas dulceacuícolas y marinos. Estos son los primeros pasos de un proceso de consulta internacional que llevará a una propuesta unificada que será presentada en el próximo Congreso Mundial de Conservación en 2012.

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          Most cited references78

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Conserv Biol
                cobi
                Conservation Biology
                Blackwell Publishing Inc
                0888-8892
                1523-1739
                February 2011
                05 November 2010
                : 25
                : 1
                : 21-29
                Affiliations
                [* ]simpleCentro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas Apdo. 20632, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
                []simpleProvita Apdo. 47552, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela
                []simpleZoological Society of London Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
                [§ ]simpleIUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland
                []simpleRoyal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust Mrs. Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
                [# ]simpleThe Nature Conservancy 4245 N. Fairfax Drive, Suite 100, Arlington, VA 22203-1606, U.S.A.
                [** ]simpleUnited Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom
                [†† ]simpleConservation Science Program WWF-US, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, D.CsimpleConservation Science Group, Zoology Department, Cambridge University Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJsimpleUnited Kingdom; Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Biology Department Universitetsparken 15, Copenhagen, Denmark
                [‡‡ ]simpleDepartment of Geography, McClure Hall 203, University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho 83844-3021, U.S.A.
                [§§ ]simpleBiodiversity and Research Division, New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service P.O. Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW 2220, Australia
                [¶¶ ]simpleImperial College London, Division of Biology Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
                [## ]simpleCouncil for Scientific and Industrial Research P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
                [*** ]simpleSouth African National Biodiversity Institute P/Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
                [††† ]simpleThe Nature Conservancy and University of Cambridge 93 Centre Drive, Newmarket CB8 8AW, United Kingdom
                [‡‡‡ ]simpleCenter for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia
                [§§§ ]simpleDepartment of Biology, Queen's University Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
                Author notes
                ¶¶¶Address correspondence to J. P. Rodriguez, email jonpaul@ 123456ivic.gob.ve , or K. M. Rodriguez-Clark, email kmrc@ 123456ivic.gob.ve
                ###Current address: Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Lynwood Road, Pretoria 0002, South Africa

                Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Terms and Conditions set out at http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/onlineopen#OnlineOpen_Terms

                Article
                10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01598.x
                3051828
                21054525
                fbe7cde0-a7dd-4455-9ffd-b8e1488efe80
                ©2011, Society for Conservation Biology

                Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation.

                History
                : 19 September 2009
                : 29 April 2010
                : 29 April 2010
                Categories
                Essays

                Ecology
                lista roja de la uicn,threatened ecosystems,estatus de amenaza a ecosistemas,categorías y criterios iucn,iucn categories and criteria,ecosystem threat status,ecosistemas amenazados,endangered ecosystems,ecosistemas en peligro,iucn red list

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