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      No Association between Oxytocin Receptor (OXTR) Gene Polymorphisms and Experimentally Elicited Social Preferences

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          Abstract

          Background

          Oxytocin (OXT) has been implicated in a suite of complex social behaviors including observed choices in economic laboratory experiments. However, actual studies of associations between oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene variants and experimentally elicited social preferences are rare.

          Methodology/Principal Findings

          We test hypotheses of associations between social preferences, as measured by behavior in two economic games, and 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OXTR gene in a sample of Swedish twins (n = 684). Two standard economic games, the dictator game and the trust game, both involving real monetary consequences, were used to elicit such preferences. After correction for multiple hypothesis testing, we found no significant associations between any of the 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and behavior in either of the games.

          Conclusion

          We were unable to replicate the most significant association reported in previous research between the amount donated in a dictator game and an OXTR genetic variant.

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          Most cited references14

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          Oxytocin, vasopressin, and the neurogenetics of sociality.

          Zoe R. Donaldson, Larry J Young (2008)
          There is growing evidence that the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin modulate complex social behavior and social cognition. These ancient neuropeptides display a marked conservation in gene structure and expression, yet diversity in the genetic regulation of their receptors seems to underlie natural variation in social behavior, both between and within species. Human studies are beginning to explore the roles of these neuropeptides in social cognition and behavior and suggest that variation in the genes encoding their receptors may contribute to variation in human social behavior by altering brain function. Understanding the neurobiology and neurogenetics of social cognition and behavior has important implications, both clinically and for society.
          Article 0 comments Cited 451 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders.

            Kai Wang, Haitao Zhang, Deqiong Ma … (2009)
            Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) represent a group of childhood neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by deficits in verbal communication, impairment of social interaction, and restricted and repetitive patterns of interests and behaviour. To identify common genetic risk factors underlying ASDs, here we present the results of genome-wide association studies on a cohort of 780 families (3,101 subjects) with affected children, and a second cohort of 1,204 affected subjects and 6,491 control subjects, all of whom were of European ancestry. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms between cadherin 10 (CDH10) and cadherin 9 (CDH9)-two genes encoding neuronal cell-adhesion molecules-revealed strong association signals, with the most significant SNP being rs4307059 (P = 3.4 x 10(-8), odds ratio = 1.19). These signals were replicated in two independent cohorts, with combined P values ranging from 7.4 x 10(-8) to 2.1 x 10(-10). Our results implicate neuronal cell-adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of ASDs, and represent, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of genome-wide significant association of common variants with susceptibility to ASDs.
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              Oxytocin: the great facilitator of life.

              Heon-Jin Lee, Abbe H Macbeth, Jerome H. Pagani … (2009)
              Oxytocin (Oxt) is a nonapeptide hormone best known for its role in lactation and parturition. Since 1906 when its uterine-contracting properties were described until 50 years later when its sequence was elucidated, research has focused on its peripheral roles in reproduction. Only over the past several decades have researchers focused on what functions Oxt might have in the brain, the subject of this review. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei are the neurons of origin for the Oxt released from the posterior pituitary. Smaller cells in various parts of the brain, as well as release from magnocellular dendrites, provide the Oxt responsible for modulating various behaviors at its only identified receptor. Although Oxt is implicated in a variety of "non-social" behaviors, such as learning, anxiety, feeding and pain perception, it is Oxt's roles in various social behaviors that have come to the fore recently. Oxt is important for social memory and attachment, sexual and maternal behavior, and aggression. Recent work implicates Oxt in human bonding and trust as well. Human disorders characterized by aberrant social interactions, such as autism and schizophrenia, may also involve Oxt expression. Many, if not most, of Oxt's functions, from social interactions (affiliation, aggression) and sexual behavior to eventual parturition, lactation and maternal behavior, may be viewed as specifically facilitating species propagation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date Collection: 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 June 2010
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: e11153
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [2 ]Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [3 ]Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [4 ]Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden
                [5 ]Department of Political Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
                [6 ]Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
                [7 ]Department of Economics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
                [8 ]Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
                Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Spain
                Author notes

                Conceived and designed the experiments: DAC MJ PL BW. Performed the experiments: DAC MJ BW. Analyzed the data: CA DAC BW LW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LW. Wrote the paper: CA DAC MJ CTD BW JRB LW.

                Article
                Publisher ID: 10-PONE-RA-17830R1
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011153
                PMC ID: 2886839
                PubMed ID: 20585395
                SO-VID: fbf1a945-8323-4181-afac-62a6111e79b7
                Copyright © Apicella et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
                History
                Date received : 8 April 2010
                Date accepted : 27 May 2010
                Page count
                Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Evolutionary Biology
                Subject: Genetics and Genomics
                Subject: Neuroscience

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized

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