41
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      The Origin of Social Evaluation, Social Eavesdropping, Reputation Formation, Image Scoring or What You Will

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Social evaluation is a mental process that leverages the preference toward prosocial partners (positivity bias) against the avoidance of antisocial individuals (negativity bias) in a cooperative context. The phenomenon is well-known in humans, and recently comparative investigations looked at the possible evolutionary origins. So far social evaluation has been investigated mainly in non-human and human primates and dogs, however, there are few data on the presence of negativity/positivity bias in client-cleaner reef fish interactions as well. Unfortunately, the comparative approach to social evaluation is hindered by conceptual and procedural differences in experimental studies. By reviewing current knowledge on social evaluation in different species, we aim to point out that the capacity for social evaluation is not restricted to humans alone; however, its building blocks (negativity and positivity bias) may be more widespread separately. Due to its importance in survival, negativity bias likely to be widespread among animals; however, there has been less intensive selective pressure for the identification of prosocial companions, thus the latter ability may have emerged only in certain social species. We present a general framework and argue that negativity and positivity bias evolve independently and can be considered as social evaluation only if a unified behavior and cognitive system deals with both biases in concert.

          Related collections

          Most cited references49

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The evolution of cooperation.

          Cooperation in organisms, whether bacteria or primates, has been a difficulty for evolutionary theory since Darwin. On the assumption that interactions between pairs of individuals occur on a probabilistic basis, a model is developed based on the concept of an evolutionarily stable strategy in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Deductions from the model, and the results of a computer tournament show how cooperation based on reciprocity can get started in an asocial world, can thrive while interacting with a wide range of other strategies, and can resist invasion once fully established. Potential applications include specific aspects of territoriality, mating, and disease.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Social evaluation by preverbal infants.

            The capacity to evaluate other people is essential for navigating the social world. Humans must be able to assess the actions and intentions of the people around them, and make accurate decisions about who is friend and who is foe, who is an appropriate social partner and who is not. Indeed, all social animals benefit from the capacity to identify individual conspecifics that may help them, and to distinguish these individuals from others that may harm them. Human adults evaluate people rapidly and automatically on the basis of both behaviour and physical features, but the ontogenetic origins and development of this capacity are not well understood. Here we show that 6- and 10-month-old infants take into account an individual's actions towards others in evaluating that individual as appealing or aversive: infants prefer an individual who helps another to one who hinders another, prefer a helping individual to a neutral individual, and prefer a neutral individual to a hindering individual. These findings constitute evidence that preverbal infants assess individuals on the basis of their behaviour towards others. This capacity may serve as the foundation for moral thought and action, and its early developmental emergence supports the view that social evaluation is a biological adaptation.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Social judgment and social memory: The role of cue diagnosticity in negativity, positivity, and extremity biases.

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                14 November 2016
                2016
                : 7
                : 1772
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Hungary
                [2] 2MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group Budapest, Hungary
                Author notes

                Edited by: Jennifer Vonk, Oakland University, USA

                Reviewed by: Francys Subiaul, George Washington University, USA; Anindita Bhadra, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, India

                *Correspondence: Ádám Miklósi, amiklosi62@ 123456gmail.com

                This article was submitted to Comparative Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01772
                5107560
                fc6703a2-3599-4c03-b731-9f12175eddcb
                Copyright © 2016 Abdai and Miklósi.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 22 July 2016
                : 28 October 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, Equations: 0, References: 62, Pages: 13, Words: 0
                Funding
                Funded by: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia 10.13039/501100003825
                Award ID: MTA 01 031
                Funded by: Országos Tudományos Kutatási Alapprogramok 10.13039/501100003549
                Award ID: OTKA K 109337
                Categories
                Psychology
                Review

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                social evaluation,eavesdropping,image scoring,reputation,negativity bias,positivity bias,third-party interaction,comparative psychology

                Comments

                Comment on this article