16
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      La Farmacia Hospitalaria ante situaciones de emergencia nuclear Translated title: The Hospital Pharmacy in nuclear emergency situations

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Resumen En el contexto bélico actual y ante la creciente preocupación de la población a un posible evento nuclear, cobra importancia una revisión bibliográfica como la presente en la que se recogen los actuales y potenciales tratamientos que la Farmacia Hospitalaria debería tener disponible tanto para paliar como para prevenir los posibles daños derivados de la radiación. Así, se detallan los seis medicamentos comercializados y cuatro fórmulas magistrales que deberían formar parte de un stock de emergencia en lugares cercanos amenazados por la exposición a radionúclidos de yodo, cesio, talio, galio, polonio, tecnecio y uranio. Por otra parte, se recogen nuevos compuestos naturales que, por sus propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatoria y/o potencial quelante de metales, podrían llegar a utilizarse como radioprotectores en este tipo de eventos, estando la mayoría disponibles como materia prima y siendo por tanto valorable su elaboración como formulación magistral.

          Translated abstract

          Summary In the current war context and given the growing concern of the population in a possible nuclear event, a bibliographic review such as the current one is important, in which the present and potential treatments that the Hospital Pharmacy should have available both to palliate and to prevent possible damage from radiation. This review includes the 6 marketed drugs and 4 compounding drugs that should form part of an emergency stock in nearby places threatened by exposure to radionuclides of iodine, cesium, thallium, gallium, polonium, technetium and uranium. On the other hand, we describe 9 natural compounds that, due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and/or metal-chelating potential properties, could be used as radioprotectors in this type of event, most of them being available as active pharmaceutical ingredients and their elaboration being therefore valuable as compounded drugs.

          Related collections

          Most cited references77

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Selenium: Biochemical Role as a Component of Glutathione Peroxidase

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Melatonin as an antioxidant: under promises but over delivers.

            Melatonin is uncommonly effective in reducing oxidative stress under a remarkably large number of circumstances. It achieves this action via a variety of means: direct detoxification of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species and indirectly by stimulating antioxidant enzymes while suppressing the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes. In addition to these well-described actions, melatonin also reportedly chelates transition metals, which are involved in the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions; in doing so, melatonin reduces the formation of the devastatingly toxic hydroxyl radical resulting in the reduction of oxidative stress. Melatonin's ubiquitous but unequal intracellular distribution, including its high concentrations in mitochondria, likely aid in its capacity to resist oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis. There is credible evidence to suggest that melatonin should be classified as a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Melatonin's capacity to prevent oxidative damage and the associated physiological debilitation is well documented in numerous experimental ischemia/reperfusion (hypoxia/reoxygenation) studies especially in the brain (stroke) and in the heart (heart attack). Melatonin, via its antiradical mechanisms, also reduces the toxicity of noxious prescription drugs and of methamphetamine, a drug of abuse. Experimental findings also indicate that melatonin renders treatment-resistant cancers sensitive to various therapeutic agents and may be useful, due to its multiple antioxidant actions, in especially delaying and perhaps treating a variety of age-related diseases and dehumanizing conditions. Melatonin has been effectively used to combat oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular apoptosis and to restore tissue function in a number of human trials; its efficacy supports its more extensive use in a wider variety of human studies. The uncommonly high-safety profile of melatonin also bolsters this conclusion. It is the current feeling of the authors that, in view of the widely diverse beneficial functions that have been reported for melatonin, these may be merely epiphenomena of the more fundamental, yet-to-be identified basic action(s) of this ancient molecule.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents: a review of the environmental impacts.

              The environmental impacts of the nuclear accidents of Chernobyl and Fukushima are compared. In almost every respect, the consequences of the Chernobyl accident clearly exceeded those of the Fukushima accident. In both accidents, most of the radioactivity released was due to volatile radionuclides (noble gases, iodine, cesium, tellurium). However, the amount of refractory elements (including actinides) emitted in the course of the Chernobyl accident was approximately four orders of magnitude higher than during the Fukushima accident. For Chernobyl, a total release of 5,300 PBq (excluding noble gases) has been established as the most cited source term. For Fukushima, we estimated a total source term of 520 (340-800) PBq. In the course of the Fukushima accident, the majority of the radionuclides (more than 80%) was transported offshore and deposited in the Pacific Ocean. Monitoring campaigns after both accidents reveal that the environmental impact of the Chernobyl accident was much greater than of the Fukushima accident. Both the highly contaminated areas and the evacuated areas are smaller around Fukushima and the projected health effects in Japan are significantly lower than after the Chernobyl accident. This is mainly due to the fact that food safety campaigns and evacuations worked quickly and efficiently after the Fukushima accident. In contrast to Chernobyl, no fatalities due to acute radiation effects occurred in Fukushima. © 2013.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                September 2023
                : 33
                : 3
                : 291-299
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameInstituto Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela orgdiv1Grupo Farmacología Clínica España
                [1] orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario Santiago de Compostela orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España
                Article
                S1699-714X2023000300013 S1699-714X(23)03300300013
                10.4321/s1699-714x2023000300013
                fc71b0b5-3ba7-4963-88ab-552d1abe6033

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 May 2022
                : 10 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 78, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos Especiales

                Radiactividad,Hospital Pharmacy,compounding,radioprotection,Radioactivity,Farmacia Hospitalaria,formulación magistral,radioprotección

                Comments

                Comment on this article