Comparative Effects of Curcumin versus Nano-Curcumin on Insulin Resistance, Serum Levels of Apelin and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

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Abstract

Background and Purpose

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and abnormalities in insulin production. Apelin is associated with insulin resistance. According to the anti-diabetic properties of curcumin, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of curcumin and nano-curcumin intake on insulin resistance and serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), Apelin, and lipid profile (cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and VLDL) in T2DM rats.

Materials and Methods

Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Control, diabetic, diabetic treated with two doses of curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg) and diabetic treated with two doses of nano-curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg). Induction of T2DM was performed by intraperitoneal injection of Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) and Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) in the fasting state. Rats received different doses of nano-curcumin and curcumin by gavage (daily) for 28 days. At the end of the intervention period, insulin resistance and serum levels of FBS, apelin and lipid profiles were measured.

Results

Insulin resistance and serum levels of FBS, Apelin, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL were significantly decreased in diabetic rats treated with curcumin and nano-curcumin (p<0.05) so that nano-curcumin in reducing lipid profile is more effective than curcumin (P<0.05). Serum level of HDL in nano-curcumin groups was significantly higher than diabetic and curcumin groups (p<0.05). Also, with increasing insulin resistance, serum level of apelin increased (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The therapeutic effects of curcumin and nano-curcumin were effective in decreasing insulin resistance, serum levels of FBS, apelin and lipid profile. The dose of 100 mg/kg nano-curcumin was more effective in reducing lipid profile.

Related collections

Most cited references 37

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Multiple biological activities of curcumin: a short review.

Radha K Maheshwari, Anoop Singh, Jaya P Gaddipati … (2006)

Turmeric (Curcuma longa rhizomes), commonly used as a spice is well documented for its medicinal properties in Indian and Chinese systems of medicine. It has been widely used for the treatment of several diseases. Epidemiological observations, though inconclusive, are suggestive that turmeric consumption may reduce the risk of some form of cancers and render other protective biological effects in humans. These biological effects of turmeric have been attributed to its constituent curcumin that has been widely studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidant, wound healing and anti-cancer effects. As a result of extensive epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies several molecular mechanisms are emerging that elucidate multiple biological effects of curcumin. This review summarizes the most interesting in vitro and in vivo studies on the biological effects of curcumin.

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Curcumin Extract for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Somlak Chuengsamarn, Suthee Rattanamongkolgul, Rataya Luechapudiporn … (2012)

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of curcumin in delaying development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the prediabetic population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo- controlled trial included subjects (n = 240) with criteria of prediabetes. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive either curcumin or placebo capsules for 9 months. To assess the T2DM progression after curcumin treatments and to determine the number of subjects progressing to T2DM, changes in β-cell functions (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]-β, C-peptide, and proinsulin/insulin), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), anti-inflammatory cytokine (adiponectin), and other parameters were monitored at the baseline and at 3-, 6-, and 9-month visits during the course of intervention. RESULTS After 9 months of treatment, 16.4% of subjects in the placebo group were diagnosed with T2DM, whereas none were diagnosed with T2DM in the curcumin-treated group. In addition, the curcumin-treated group showed a better overall function of β-cells, with higher HOMA-β (61.58 vs. 48.72; P < 0.01) and lower C-peptide (1.7 vs. 2.17; P < 0.05). The curcumin-treated group showed a lower level of HOMA-IR (3.22 vs. 4.04; P < 0.001) and higher adiponectin (22.46 vs. 18.45; P < 0.05) when compared with the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS A 9-month curcumin intervention in a prediabetic population significantly lowered the number of prediabetic individuals who eventually developed T2DM. In addition, the curcumin treatment appeared to improve overall function of β-cells, with very minor adverse effects. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the curcumin intervention in a prediabetic population may be beneficial.

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Apelin stimulates glucose utilization in normal and obese insulin-resistant mice.

Cédric Dray, Claude Knauf, Danièle Daviaud … (2008)

Adipose tissue (AT) secretes several adipokines that influence insulin sensitivity and potentially link obesity to insulin resistance. Apelin, a peptide present in different tissues, is also secreted by adipocytes. Apelin is upregulated in obese and hyperinsulinemic humans and mice. Although a tight relation exists between the regulation of apelin and insulin, it remains largely unknown whether apelin affects whole-body glucose utilization. Herein, we show that in chow-fed mice, acute intravenous injection of apelin has a powerful glucose-lowering effect associated with enhanced glucose utilization in skeletal muscle and AT. Through in vivo and in vitro pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrate the involvement of endothelial NO synthase, AMP-activated protein kinase, and Akt in apelin-stimulated glucose uptake in soleus muscle. Remarkably, in obese and insulin-resistant mice, apelin restored glucose tolerance and increased glucose utilization. Apelin could thus represent a promising target in the management of insulin resistance.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes

Journal ID (publisher-id): DMSO

Journal ID (pmc): dmso

Title: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Publisher: Dove

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-7007

Publication date (Electronic): 03 July 2020

Publication date Collection: 2020

Volume: 13

Pages: 2337-2346

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan, Iran

[2 ]Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science , Zahedan, Iran

[3 ]Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan, Iran

[4 ]Research Centre of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan, Iran

[5 ]Department of Nutrition, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan, Iran

Author notes

Correspondence: Zinat Mortazavi Tel +98 5433295715Fax +98 5433295837 Email zimoiran@yahoo.com

Author information

Ali Shamsi-Goushki http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8838-6339

Zinat Mortazavi http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-5259

Mohammad Ali Mirshekar http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0449-6440

Nasroallah Moradi-Kor http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-6845

Saber Jafari-Maskouni http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9150-851X

Article

Publisher ID: 247351

DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S247351

PMC ID: 7342486

PubMed ID: 32753918

SO-VID: fc7fa632-60df-4668-90b8-eece7c676d01

License:

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

History

Date received : 26 January 2020

Date accepted : 16 June 2020

Page count

Figures: 5, References: 49, Pages: 10

Funding

Funded by: the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences

Funding was supported by the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. The funding body did not have a role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.