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      Actitud hacia el propio cuerpo en alumnos universitarios: Universidad de Alicante, 2003 y 2018 Translated title: University students' attitudes towards their own bodies: University of Alicante, 2003 and 2018

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: Tras décadas de progresiva transformación de los patrones de estética corporal, el período poscrisis puede haber alterado ese proceso. Uno de los segmentos poblacionales que puede estar más afectado por esas transformaciones es el alumnado universitario. Los objetivos del presente estudio son conocer las prácticas estéticas del alumnado de la Universidad de Alicante (UA), conocer la autopercepción del propio cuerpo, establecer diferencias en función del sexo y del IMC, y comparar los resultados de la encuesta de 2018 con una equiparable de 2003. Material y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal repetido, cuya estrategia de investigación es la encuesta. El tipo de muestreo es por cuotas (sexo y rama de estudios). La unidad de análisis son alumnos de grado y máster de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2017/2018 (en 2003 eran alumnos de 1º y 2º ciclos de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2002/2003). Universo poblacional: 23.827 alumnos (en 2003 eran 28.483). Tamaño de la muestra: 402 (en 2003 eran 375). Resultados: El 78,1% está satisfecho con su propio cuerpo (70% en 2003); el 48,1% cree que su peso debería ser como el actual (42,4% en 2003). En relación al IMC, el 40% tiene una actitud desajustada con la realidad, en 2003 esta cifra superaba el 50%. Conclusiones: En 2018 se ha constatado una mayor satisfacción con el propio cuerpo y una autopercepción menos sometida a la presión del ideal de delgadez con respecto al 2003. Asimismo, se aprecia un ajuste entre sexos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The post-crisis period may have had an impact on the body image of university students, after decades of progressive transformation in patterns of body aesthetics in Western countries. The objective of this study is to know the aesthetic practices of the students of the University of Alicante, their body self-perception and to compare the difference in the results of two surveys (2018 and 2003), and analyse if there are any differences according to sex and BMI. Material and Methods: This is a descriptive repeated cross-sectional study that uses a survey and quota sampling (by sex and field of study). The units of analysis are the University of Alicante's bachelor's and master's degree students enrolled during the 2017/2018 school year (in 2003 these were students of the first and second cycles enrolled in the school year 2002/2003). Universe: 23,827 students in 2017 (28,483 in 2003). Sample size: 402 in 2017 and 375 in 2003. Results: 78.1% were satisfied with their own body (compared to 70% in 2003). 48.1% thought their weight was fine as it is (42.4% in 2003). In relation to the BMI, 40% have an unadjusted attitude towards reality, in 2003 this figure exceeded 50%. Conclusions: Students in 2018 showed of more satisfaction with their bodies and seemed to perceive less pressure to be thin compared to 2003. Also, there is an adjustment between genders.

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          Body image and weight control in young adults: international comparisons in university students from 22 countries.

          Young women in the United States and Western Europe are notoriously concerned about weight but less is known about attitudes to weight in other regions of the world. This study explores the associations between body mass index (BMI), weight perceptions, and attempts to lose weight in male and female university students from 22 countries. Data were collected from 18,512 university students, using standardised methods, as part of the International Health Behaviour Survey. Measures included weight, height, perception of overweight, and weight loss status. BMI was calculated from weight and height, but was categorised into gender and country-standardised deciles rather than the conventional weight categories in response to the inaccuracy of self-reports. Perceived overweight and weight loss status were plotted against country-standardised BMI deciles. The 22 countries were grouped into five geopolitical/economic areas for regional analyses: North-Western Europe and the USA, Central and Eastern Europe, the Mediterranean, Pacific Asia, South America. Perceived overweight compared across the five regions. Perceived overweight increased systematically across BMI deciles in all countries. More women than men felt overweight at any decile. Women had low levels of perceived overweight in the lowest decile but rates rapidly increased to 50% by the 5th decile. Men, even in the highest deciles, were less aware that they are overweight and few of them were trying to lose weight. Women had a faster rise of weight loss attempts over the BMI deciles but nevertheless the proportion trying to lose in the highest decile did not exceed 75%. Perceived overweight profiles across BMI deciles were similar across all regions, suggesting that perceptions of overweight derive from local comparisons. The patterning for trying to lose weight was more diverse, with men and women from Asian countries showing higher levels of trying to lose weight at all deciles. This study shows the international consistency in perceptions of overweight in educated young men and women across diverse regions of the world. It confirms the patterning of women's overestimation of weight at lower BMI deciles and men's underestimation of weight at the higher deciles. Perceptions of overweight and attempts to lose weight were highest in the group of Asian countries where body weights are generally low, suggesting that local culture and norms could moderate attitudes to weight.
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            Definición y clasificación de la obesidad

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              Hábitos de vida saludable en la población universitaria

              El estilo de vida se define como el conjunto de pautas y hábitos comportamentales cotidianos de una persona, que mantenidos en el tiempo pueden constituirse en dimensiones de riesgo o de seguridad dependiendo de su naturaleza. Los objetivos del presente trabajo han sido conocer los estilos de vida de los jóvenes universitarios en las siguientes dimensiones: alimentación, ejercicio físico, consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas, relaciones sexuales y seguridad vial. Para ello se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos electrónicas: PUBMED, SCIELO y CUIDEN entre los años 2002-2014; utilizando como palabras claves: estilos de vida, conductas saludables, dieta, ejercicio, drogas, estudiantes universitarios. De los artículos encontrados, destacar como dato más relevante, que los jóvenes universitarios poseen una alta presencia de creencias favorables sobre hábitos de vida saludables y a pesar de ello, no lo llevan a la práctica. Tras realizar una exhaustiva revisión podemos concluir que según los distintos autores, los jóvenes universitarios en general, no tienen buenos hábitos alimentarios, consumiendo dietas desequilibradas con alto contenido calórico. Además la práctica del ejercicio físico es nula, aun sabiendo que una buena alimentación y la realización de ejercicio tienen efectos beneficiosos sobre la salud. A esto hay que añadirle el consumo elevado de alcohol, tabaco y marihuana entre los jóvenes universitarios.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                March 2021
                : 25
                : 1
                : 29-38
                Affiliations
                [2] San Vicente del Raspeig Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Alicante orgdiv1Departament d'Infermeria Comunitària, Medicina Preventiva i Salut Pública i Història de la Ciència Spain
                [1] San Vicente del Raspeig Valencia orgnameUniversidad de Alicante orgdiv1Departament de Sociologia II Spain
                Article
                S2174-51452021000100029 S2174-5145(21)02500100029
                10.14306/renhyd.25.1.1042
                fcbc6f8c-43f0-4aba-be6a-b4197d0178de

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 May 2020
                : 17 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Imagen Corporal,Beauty,Esthetics,Surgery, Plastic,Universities,Students,Body Dissatisfaction,Ideal Body Weight,Body Mass Index,Body Image,Belleza,Estética,Cirugía Plástica,Universidades,Estudiantes,Insatisfacción Corporal,Peso Corporal Ideal,Índice de Masa Corporal

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