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This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. Sign up for email alerts here.

105,621 Monthly downloads/views I 7.033 Impact Factor I 10.9 CiteScore I 1.22 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 1.032 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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In vitro evaluation of the effects of graphene platelets on glioblastoma multiforme cells

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Author(s): Sławomir Jaworski ¹ , Ewa Sawosz ¹ , Marta Grodzik ¹ , Anna Winnicka ² , Marta Prasek ¹ , Mateusz Wierzbicki ¹ , André Chwalibog ³

Publication date (Electronic): 24 January 2013

Journal: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

Keywords: toxicity, glioma, apoptosis

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Abstract

Graphene is a single atom-thick material with exciting potential. It can be used in many fields, from electronics to biomedicine. However, little is known about its toxicity and biocompatibility. Herein, we report a study on the toxicity of graphene platelets (GPs) by examining the influence of GPs on the morphology, mortality, viability, membrane integrity, and type of cell death of U87 and U118 glioma cells. It was found that graphene is toxic to glioma cells, but it activated apoptosis only in the U118 cell line, without inducing necrosis, indicating the potential applicability of GP in anticancer therapy.

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Preparation and characterization of realgar nanoparticles and their inhibitory effect on rat glioma cells

Yan-li An, Fang Nie, Zi-yu Wang … (2011)

Aim Our objective was to prepare a new nano-sized realgar particle and characterize its anti-tumor effect on tumor cells. Methods Nanoparticles were prepared by coprecipitation and were detected by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and dynamic light scattering. An anti-proliferative effect of realgar nanoparticles on rat glioma (C6) cells was determined by the MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis rates were observed by flow cytometry. Apoptosis-related gene expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Results Realgar nanoparticles were successfully prepared. The particles were spherical, with an average diameter of approximately 80 nm, and contained arsenic and sulfur elements. Realgar nanoparticles inhibited C6 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of C6 cells with realgar nanoparticles significantly increased the proportions of cells in S and G2/M phases, decreased the proportion of cells in G0/G1 phase, downregulated Bcl-2 expression, and substantially upregulated Bax expression. Conclusion Realgar nanoparticles significantly inhibited C6 glioma cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis by inducing the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression. Realgar nanoparticles are a promising in vitro anti-cancer strategy and may be applicable for human cancer therapy studies.

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Molecular network profiling of U373MG human glioblastoma cells following induction of apoptosis by novel marine-derived anti-cancer 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids

Hiroko Tabunoki, Naoki Saito, Khanit Suwanborirux … (2012)

Background Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumors showing resistance to treatment with various chemotherapeutic agents. The most effective way to eradicate glioblastoma requires the concurrent inhibition of multiple signaling pathways and target molecules involved in the progression of glioblastoma. Recently, we obtained a series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids with potent anti-cancer activities, including ecteinascidin-770 (ET-770; the compound 1a) and renieramycin M (RM; the compound 2a) from Thai marine invertebrates, together with a 2’-N-4”-pyridinecarbonyl derivative of ET-770 (the compound 3). We attempted to characterize the molecular pathways responsible for cytotoxic effects of these compounds on a human glioblastoma cell line U373MG. Methods We studied the genome-wide gene expression profile on microarrays and molecular networks by using pathway analysis tools of bioinformatics. Results All of these compounds induced apoptosis of U373MG cells at nanomolar concentrations. The compound 3 reduced the expression of 417 genes and elevated the levels of 84 genes, while ET-770 downregulated 426 genes and upregulated 45 genes. RM decreased the expression of 274 genes and increased the expression of 9 genes. The set of 196 downregulated genes and 6 upregulated genes showed an overlap among all the compounds, suggesting an existence of the common pathways involved in induction of apoptosis. We identified the ErbB (EGFR) signaling pathway as one of the common pathways enriched in the set of downregulated genes, composed of PTK2, AKT3, and GSK3B serving as key molecules that regulate cell movement and the nervous system development. Furthermore, a GSK3B-specific inhibitor induced apoptosis of U373MG cells, supporting an anti-apoptotic role of GSK3B. Conclusion Molecular network analysis is a useful approach not only to characterize the glioma-relevant pathways but also to identify the network-based effective drug targets.

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Fumonisin B1-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma, glioblastoma and hypothalamic cell lines.

J Loikkanen, H. Stockmann, Kirsi Vähäkangas … (2006)

Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticilliodes, which commonly infects corn across the world. Fusarium fungi may also be found in moisture-damaged buildings. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis in the toxicity of FB(1) in four different cell lines. Activation of caspase-3-like protease, DNA fragmentation and expression of p53 and Bcl-2 family proteins were studied in mouse GT1-7 hypothalamic, rat C6 glioblastoma, human U-118MG glioblastoma, and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to 0.1-100microM FB(1) for 0-144h. Caspase-3-like protease activity increased in all cell lines, except SH-SY5Y, at 48-144h, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation occurred in all of the cell lines, pointing to a role for apoptosis in the toxicity of FB(1). However, the expressions of p53 or pro- or antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L) and Mcl-1) were not affected in any of the cell lines even after prolonged exposure to FB(1) at high doses. The results of this study, together with the results of our previous studies, provide evidence that FB(1) is a potential neurotoxin, but that the toxicity of FB(1) varies between different cell lines. The sensitivity of these cell lines towards FB(1) is as follows: U-118MG>GT1-7>C6>SH-SY5Y cells. These results are consistent with the assumption that cells of glial origin may be more sensitive towards FB(1) than cells of neural origin.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Nanomedicine

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Nanomedicine

Title: International Journal of Nanomedicine

Publisher: Dove Medical Press

ISSN (Print): 1176-9114

ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2013

Publication date Collection: 2013

Publication date (Print): 2013

Publication date (Electronic): 24 January 2013

Volume: 8

Pages: 413-420

Affiliations

[1 ]Division of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

[2 ]Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

[3 ]Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Author notes

Correspondence: André Chwalibog, University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary Clinical and Animal Sciences, Groennegaardsvej 3, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark, Tel +45 3533 3044, Fax +45 3533 3020, Email ach@ 123456sund.ku.dk

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Publisher ID: ijn-8-413

DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S39456

PMC ID: 3559082

PubMed ID: 23378763

SO-VID: fccf7b25-e3f1-49ae-b2c1-fa625396bb3f

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This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.

International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

In vitro evaluation of the effects of graphene platelets on glioblastoma multiforme cells

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Most cited references 7

Preparation and characterization of realgar nanoparticles and their inhibitory effect on rat glioma cells

Molecular network profiling of U373MG human glioblastoma cells following induction of apoptosis by novel marine-derived anti-cancer 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids

Fumonisin B1-induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma, glioblastoma and hypothalamic cell lines.

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