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      Description of brachial plexus of sloth (Bradypus variegatus) Translated title: Descrição do plexo braquial do bicho-preguiça (Bradypus variegatus)

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT: The species Bradypus variegatus is known as the common sloth, an endemic mammal from neotropical regions, which has been suffering from devastating anthropogenic activities. Our study aimed to describe the brachial plexus of B. variegates, regarding the origin and distribution of nerves, through the sampling of 10 adult females. Analyses were carried out at the Anatomy Section, “Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal”, “Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco”, under license no. 034/2015 of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals. The results determined that the brachial plexus of the common sloth starts from the fifth cervical spine segment until the second thoracic segment. This area contains the long and suprascapular thoracic nerves, which originate immediately from the medullary segment 5 and 6, respectively, and from the pectoral, subscapular, axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, medial, forearm and ulnar medial cutaneous nerves, arising from a trunk comprised of cervical spine nerves (C) 7, C8, C9, and thoracic (T) 1 and T2. Regarding other wild and domestic animals, different suggestions were observed about the origin of the plexus in B. variegatus, however, the constituent nerves and their innervation areas did not demonstrate any discrepancies.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: A espécie Bradypus variegatus é conhecida como preguiça-comum. Trata-se de um mamífero endêmico de regiões neotropicais que vem sofrendo com a ação antrópica devastadora. Esses Bradipodídeos possuem três dedos nos membros torácicos e pélvicos, são arborícolas consagrados e descem ao solo apenas para excretar e trocar de árvore. O estudo teve como objetivo descrever o plexo braquial de B. variegatus em relação à origem e distribuição dos nervos. Para tal, utilizou-se 10 fêmeas adultas. As análises foram realizadas no Pavilhão de Anatomia do Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, sob a licença nº 034/2015 do Comitê de Ética no Uso de Animais. Os cadáveres foram obtidos após morte natural, fixados em formaldeído a 20%, conservados em solução salina a 30% em tanques e dissecados para a visualização dos nervos destinados a inervar os membros e músculos torácicos. Uma vez feito, constatou-se que o plexo braquial da preguiça-comum se origina do quinto segmento espinal cervical, se estendendo até o segundo segmento torácico. Sendo formado pelos nervos torácico longo e supraescapular, de origem imediatamente do segmento medular 5 e 6, respectivamente, e pelos nervos peitorais, subescapulares, axilar, radial, musculocutâneo, mediano, cutâneo medial do antebraço e ulnar, decorrentes de um tronco formado a partir de nervos espinais cervicais (C) 7, C8, C9, e torácicos (T) 1 e T2. Em comparação a outros animais silvestres e domésticos foram observadas diferentes disposições em relação à origem do plexo de B. variegatus, todavia, os nervos constituintes e suas áreas de inervação não apresentaram discrepâncias.

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          Most cited references35

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          Ecological consequences of hunting in Atlantic forest patches, Sao Paulo, Brazil

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            A syndrome of mutualism reinforces the lifestyle of a sloth

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              Skeletal development in sloths and the evolution of mammalian vertebral patterning.

              Mammals show a very low level of variation in vertebral count, particularly in the neck. Phenotypes exhibited at various stages during the development of the axial skeleton may play a key role in testing mechanisms recently proposed to explain this conservatism. Here, we provide osteogenetic data that identify developmental criteria with which to recognize cervical vs. noncervical vertebrae in mammals. Except for sloths, all mammals show the late ossification of the caudal-most centra in the neck after other centra and neural arches. In sloths with 8-10 ribless neck vertebrae, the caudal-most neck centra ossify early, matching the pattern observed in cranial thoracic vertebrae of other mammals. Accordingly, we interpret the ribless neck vertebrae of three-toed sloths caudal to V7 as thoracic based on our developmental criterion. Applied to the unusual vertebral phenotype of long-necked sloths, these data support the interpretation that elements of the axial skeleton with origins from distinct mesodermal tissues have repatterned over the course of evolution.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                pvb
                Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira
                Pesq. Vet. Bras.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                0100-736X
                1678-5150
                October 2020
                : 40
                : 10
                : 824-829
                Affiliations
                [3] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco orgdiv1Departamento de Biologia Brazil
                [2] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco orgdiv1Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Brazil
                [4] Recife Pernambuco orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco orgdiv1Departamento de Zootecnia Brazil
                Article
                S0100-736X2020001000824 S0100-736X(20)04001000824
                10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6597
                fcf28665-2379-4a53-b507-60026f4ba6ad

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 June 2020
                : 12 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Animal Morphophysiology

                sloth,bicho-preguiça,morfologia,sistema nervoso,neuroanatomia,Bradypodidae,nervos espinais,membro torácico,thoracic members,Bradypus variegatus,Bradipodídeos,Plexo braquial,morphology,nervous system,neuroanatomy,spinal nerves,Brachial plexus

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