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      Miopatía nemalínica tratada con L-tirosina para aliviar los síntomas en un recién nacido Translated title: Nemaline rod myopathy treated with L-tyrosine to relieve symptoms in a neonate

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          Abstract

          La miopatía nemalínica es un trastorno heterogéneo definido por la presencia de estructuras con forma de bastones, conocidas como cuerpos nemalínicos (o bastones de nemalina). El diagnóstico se funda en la debilidad muscular, además de la visualización de cuerpos nemalínicos en la biopsia muscular. La miopatía nemalínica no tiene cura. Las estrategias terapéuticas para este trastorno son sintomáticas y empíricas. En este artículo, presentamos el caso de una recién nacida con insuficiencia respiratoria grave y debilidad muscular generalizada, a la que se le diagnosticó miopatía nemalínica a través de la biopsia muscular. La paciente tuvo una notable disminución de la sialorrea y una mejora de los movimientos espontáneos después del tratamiento con L-tirosina. Este caso se presenta para destacar la importancia de la biopsia muscular en el diagnóstico diferencial de la hipotonía grave durante el período neonatal y el posible beneficio del aporte suplementario de L-tirosina para disminuir la sialorrea y restaurar la fuerza muscular.

          Translated abstract

          Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a heterogeneous disorder defined by the presence of rod-shaped structures known as nemaline bodies or rods. The diagnosis is based on muscle weakness, combined with visualization of nemaline bodies on muscle biopsy. There is no curative treatment for nemaline myopathy. Therapeutic strategies for this condition are symptomatic and empirical. Herein, we present a newborn with severe respiratory failure and generalized muscle weakness, who was diagnosed as NM by muscle biopsy. The patient experienced remarkable decrease in sialorrhea and improvement of spontaneous movements after L-tyrosine treatment. This case is presented to emphasize the importance of muscle biopsy in the differential diagnosis of severe hypotonia during neonatal period and a possible benefit of L-tyrosine supplementation for decreasing sialorrhea and restoring muscle strength.

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          Most cited references13

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          Approach to the diagnosis of congenital myopathies.

          Over the past decade there have been major advances in defining the genetic basis of the majority of congenital myopathy subtypes. However the relationship between each congenital myopathy, defined on histological grounds, and the genetic cause is complex. Many of the congenital myopathies are due to mutations in more than one gene, and mutations in the same gene can cause different muscle pathologies. The International Standard of Care Committee for Congenital Myopathies performed a literature review and consulted a group of experts in the field to develop a summary of (1) the key features common to all forms of congenital myopathy and (2) the specific features that help to discriminate between the different genetic subtypes. The consensus statement was refined by two rounds of on-line survey, and a three-day workshop. This consensus statement provides guidelines to the physician assessing the infant or child with hypotonia and weakness. We summarise the clinical features that are most suggestive of a congenital myopathy, the major differential diagnoses and the features on clinical examination, investigations, muscle pathology and muscle imaging that are suggestive of a specific genetic diagnosis to assist in prioritisation of genetic testing of known genes. As next generation sequencing becomes increasingly used as a diagnostic tool in clinical practise, these guidelines will assist in determining which sequence variations are likely to be pathogenic. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Nemaline myopathy: a clinical study of 143 cases.

            We report 143 Australian and North American cases of primary nemaline myopathy. As classified by the European Neuromuscular Centre guidelines, 23 patients had severe congenital, 29 intermediate congenital, 66 typical congenital, 19 childhood-onset, and 6 adult-onset nemaline myopathy. Inheritance was autosomal recessive in 29 patients, autosomal dominant in 41, sporadic in 72, and indeterminate in 1. Twenty-two patients had skeletal muscle actin mutations and 4 had mutations in the alpha-tropomyosin(slow) gene. Obstetric complications occurred in 49 cases. Seventy-five patients had significant respiratory disease during the first year of life, and 79 had feeding difficulties. Atypical features in a minority of cases included arthrogryposis, central nervous system involvement, and congenital fractures. Progressive distal weakness developed in a minority of patients. Thirty patients died, the majority during the first 12 months of life. All deaths were due to respiratory insufficiency, which was frequently underrecognized in older patients. Arthrogryposis, neonatal respiratory failure, and failure to achieve early motor milestones were associated with early mortality. Morbidity from respiratory tract infections and feeding difficulties frequently diminished with increasing age. Aggressive early management is warranted in most cases of congenital nemaline myopathy.
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              Clinical and genetic heterogeneity in nemaline myopathy--a disease of skeletal muscle thin filaments.

              The term nemaline myopathy (NM) encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders of primary skeletal muscle weakness characterized by the presence of nemaline rods in muscles of affected individuals. Disease severity is variable and unpredictable, with prognosis ranging from neonatal death to almost normal motor function. Recent advances in the identification of NM disease genes demonstrate that NM is a disease of the skeletal muscle sarcomere and, in particular, of the thin filaments. These findings are starting to alter the approach that neurologists and geneticists take to diagnosing and counseling patients with NM, and could lead to insights into specific directed therapies in the future.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aap
                Archivos argentinos de pediatría
                Arch. argent. pediatr.
                Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría (Buenos Aires, , Argentina )
                0325-0075
                1668-3501
                August 2019
                : 117
                : 4
                : e382-e386
                Affiliations
                [02] Ankara orgnameHacettepe Üniversites orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Unidad de Anatomía Patológica Turquía
                [01] Ankara orgnameHospital Universitario Maternal Zekai Tahir Burak orgdiv1Departamento de Neonatología Turquía
                Article
                S0325-00752019000400021 S0325-0075(19)11700400021
                10.5546/aap.2019.e382
                fd546f80-8f10-40f5-807b-412194e8d339

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 January 2019
                : 24 April 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Argentina

                Categories
                Presentación de casos clínicos (versión electrónica)

                Miopatía nemalínica,Hipotonía muscular,Recién nacido,L-tirosina,Nemaline myopathy,Muscle hypotonic,Infant, newborn,L-tyrosine

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