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      In Vitro Assessment of the Antibacterial Potential of Silver Nano-Coatings on Cotton Gauzes for Prevention of Wound Infections

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          Abstract

          Multidrug-resistant organisms are increasingly implicated in acute and chronic wound infections, thus compromising the chance of therapeutic options. The resistance to conventional antibiotics demonstrated by some bacterial strains has encouraged new approaches for the prevention of infections in wounds and burns, among them the use of silver compounds and nanocrystalline silver. Recently, silver wound dressings have become widely accepted in wound healing centers and are commercially available. In this work, novel antibacterial wound dressings have been developed through a silver deposition technology based on the photochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The devices obtained are completely natural and the silver coatings are characterized by an excellent adhesion without the use of any binder. The silver-treated cotton gauzes were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to verify the distribution and the dimension of the silver particles on the cotton fibers. The effectiveness of the silver-treated gauzes in reducing the bacterial growth and biofilm proliferation has been demonstrated through agar diffusion tests, bacterial enumeration test, biofilm quantification tests, fluorescence and SEM microscopy. Moreover, potential cytotoxicity of the silver coating was evaluated through 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay (MTT) and the extract method on fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was performed in order to determine the silver release in different media and to relate the results to the biological characterization. All the results obtained were compared with plain gauzes as a negative control, as well as gauzes treated with a higher silver percentage as a positive control.

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          Most cited references43

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          Topical antimicrobial therapy for treating chronic wounds.

          Various agents have been applied topically to treat infected wounds for millennia, but their proper role remains unclear. Topical therapy affords many potential advantages but also has disadvantages. Opinions differ on which clinical signs define wound infection and on whether quantitative microbiological studies are useful. Clinically infected wounds usually require systemic antibiotic therapy, whereas clinically uninfected wounds that are healing as expected do not require antimicrobials. There is controversy over how to treat poorly healing wounds with "secondary" signs suggesting infection; these may benefit from topical antimicrobial agents. Some evidence supports using topical agents for malodorous or burn wounds. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews suggest there are few proven indications for topical antimicrobials. Use of a newer, relatively nontoxic antiseptic (eg, cadexomer iodine or silver dressings) is preferable to use of topical antibiotics, especially agents that are available for systemic use. We provide clinically relevant information on currently available topical antimicrobial agents.
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            Silver. I: Its antibacterial properties and mechanism of action.

            Silver products have two key advantages: they are broad-spectrum antibiotics and are not yet associated with drug resistance. This article, the first in a two-part series, describes the main mechanism of action of this metallic element.
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              The toxic effect of silver ions and silver nanoparticles towards bacteria and human cells occurs in the same concentration range

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Materials (Basel)
                Materials (Basel)
                materials
                Materials
                MDPI
                1996-1944
                25 May 2016
                June 2016
                : 9
                : 6
                : 411
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; federica.paladini@ 123456unisalento.it (F.P.); angelica.panico@ 123456unisalento.it (A.P.); alessandro.sannino@ 123456unisalento.it (A.S.)
                [2 ]CNR-IFN U.O.S. Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari 70126, Italy; cinzia.difranco@ 123456uniba.it (C.D.F.); gaetano.scamarcio@ 123456uniba.it (G.S.)
                [3 ]Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 173, Bari 70126, Italy
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: mauro.pollini@ 123456unisalento.it ; Tel.: +39-0832-29-7562; Fax: +39-0832-29-7340
                Article
                materials-09-00411
                10.3390/ma9060411
                5456794
                28773531
                fd58cd6e-346f-41a0-b736-cc117bd018c1
                © 2016 by the authors;

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 22 February 2016
                : 16 May 2016
                Categories
                Article

                silver dressing,biofilm,antibacterial,wound infection
                silver dressing, biofilm, antibacterial, wound infection

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