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Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009
G Kroemer ,
L Galluzzi ,
P Vandenabeele ,
J Abrams ,
E S Alnemri ,
E H Baehrecke ,
M V Blagosklonny ,
W S El-Deiry ,
P Golstein ,
D R Green ,
M Hengartner ,
R A Knight ,
S Kumar ,
S A Lipton ,
W Malorni ,
G Nuñez ,
M E Peter ,
J Tschopp ,
J Yuan ,
M Piacentini ,
B Zhivotovsky ,
G Melino
October 10 2008
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Abstract
Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without
a clear reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on
Cell Death (NCCD) proposes unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of
its different morphologies, while formulating several caveats against the misuse of
words and concepts that slow down progress in the area of cell death research. Authors,
reviewers and editors of scientific periodicals are invited to abandon expressions
like 'percentage apoptosis' and to replace them with more accurate descriptions of
the biochemical and cellular parameters that are actually measured. Moreover, at the
present stage, it should be accepted that caspase-independent mechanisms can cooperate
with (or substitute for) caspases in the execution of lethal signaling pathways and
that 'autophagic cell death' is a type of cell death occurring together with (but
not necessarily by) autophagic vacuolization. This study details the 2009 recommendations
of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including 'entosis', 'mitotic
catastrophe', 'necrosis', 'necroptosis' and 'pyroptosis'.