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      Presencia larval de Anopheles albimanus (Diptera:Culicidae) en La Habana, Cuba 2010-2012 Translated title: Larval presence of Anopheles albimanus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Havana, Cuba, 2010-2012

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          Abstract

          Introducción: Anopheles albimanus es el principal vector de la malaria en Cuba, éste también se encuentra distribuido en varios países del continente americano. Objetivo: determinar la presencia larval de An. albimanus en la provincia de La Habana durante 2010-2012. Métodos: el muestreo se llevó a cabo con una frecuencia semanal en el período 2010-2012. Los sitios de cría encuestados fueron clasificados como naturales permanentes y temporales así como depósitos artificiales. Resultados: se registra la presencia de An. albimanus en 9 (60,0 %) del total de los municipios muestreados en el 2010 y en 12 (80 %) en los años 2011 y 2012. Los municipios que no lo registraron en los tres años fueron Centro Habana, Plaza de la Revolución y Habana Vieja. La provincia obtuvo un promedio de 1173,8 y 97,7 muestras larvales de ésta especie por año y por mes respectivamente. El municipio Boyeros mostró un promedio de muestras de 922,6 por año y 76,8 por mes siendo el que mantiene la mejor vigilancia sobre An. albimanus. Los sitios de cría con mayor presencia de An. albimanus correspondieron al grupo de naturales permanentes destacándose las zanjas y lagunas naturales, además se encontraron criaderos en 26 tipos diferentes de depósitos artificiales. A partir de mayo ocurre un incremento del número de muestras hasta octubre. Conclusiones: se encontró presencia larval de An. albimanus en la mayoría de los municipios durante todo el año; por lo que mantener un constante monitoreo sobre la especie debe ser una prioridad en la vigilancia de la malaria en La Habana.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Anopheles albimanus is the main malaria vector in Cuba. It is also distributed in several countries in the Americas. Objective: determine the larval presence of An. albimanus in the province of Havana in the period 2010-2012. Methods: sampling was conducted on a weekly basis during the period 2010-2012. The breeding sites surveyed were classified as natural permanent, natural temporary and artificial containers. Results: presence of An. albimanus was reported in 9 (60.0 %) of the municipalities sampled in 2010 and 12 (80 %) of those sampled in 2011 and 2012. The municipalities of Centro Habana, Plaza de la Revolución and Habana Vieja did not report any larval presence of An. albimanus in any of the three years. The province had an average 1 173.8 and 97.7 larval samples per year and month, respectively. In the municipality of Boyeros, the average was 922.6 per year and 76.8 per month. This is the municipality with the best surveillance of An. albimanus. The greatest presence of An. albimanus was found in natural permanent breeding sites, particularly ditches and natural ponds. Breeding sites were also found in 26 different types of artificial containers. An increase in the number of samples was observed from May to October. Conclusions: larval presence of An. albimanus was found in most municipalities throughout the year. Therefore, permanent monitoring of the species should be a priority of malaria surveillance in Havana.

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          Efficacy of permethrin-treated bed nets in the prevention of mortality in young children in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya.

          A group-randomized controlled trial of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) was conducted in an area of high perennial malaria transmission in western Kenya to test the effect of ITNs on all-cause mortality in children 1-59 months of age. Child deaths were monitored over a two-year period by biannual household census in Asembo (1997-1998) and in Gem (1998-1999). Overall, 1,722 deaths occurred in children 1-59 months followed for 35,932 child-years. Crude mortality rates/1,000 child-years were 51.9 versus 43.9 in control and ITN villages in children 1-59 months old. The protective efficacy (PE) (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, study year, study site, and season was 16% (6-25%). Corresponding figures in 1-11- and 12-59-month-old children in control and ITN villages were 133.3 versus 102.3, PE = 23% (11-34%) and 31.1 versus 28.7, PE = 7% (-6-19%). The numbers of lives saved/1,000 child-years were 8, 31, and 2 for the groups 1-59, 1-11, and 12-59 months old, respectively. Stratified analysis by time to insecticide re-treatment showed that the PE of ITNs re-treated per study protocol (every six months) was 20% (10-29%), overall and 26% (12-37%) and 14% (-1-26%) in 1-11- and 12-59-month-old children, respectively. ITNs prevent approximately one in four infant deaths in areas of intense perennial malaria transmission, but their efficacy is compromised if re-treatment is delayed beyond six months.
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            World Malaria Report

            (2012)
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              Forecasting malaria incidence based on monthly case reports and environmental factors in Karuzi, Burundi, 1997–2003

              Background The objective of this work was to develop a model to predict malaria incidence in an area of unstable transmission by studying the association between environmental variables and disease dynamics. Methods The study was carried out in Karuzi, a province in the Burundi highlands, using time series of monthly notifications of malaria cases from local health facilities, data from rain and temperature records, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methodology, a model showing the relation between monthly notifications of malaria cases and the environmental variables was developed. Results The best forecasting model (R2 adj = 82%, p < 0.0001 and 93% forecasting accuracy in the range ± 4 cases per 100 inhabitants) included the NDVI, mean maximum temperature, rainfall and number of malaria cases in the preceding month. Conclusion This model is a simple and useful tool for producing reasonably reliable forecasts of the malaria incidence rate in the study area.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                mtr
                Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical
                Rev Cubana Med Trop
                Centro Nacional de Información de Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3054
                August 2014
                : 66
                : 2
                : 241-251
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Laboratorio Provincial de Entomatología Cuba
                [2 ] Unidad Nacional de Vigilancia y Lucha Anti vectorial Cuba
                [3 ] Instituto Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí Cuba
                Article
                S0375-07602014000200009
                fd71ec7e-bb42-4b24-abd7-c4732414e2d1

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0375-0760&lng=en
                Categories
                TROPICAL MEDICINE

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Anopheles albimanus,breeding sites,Havana,Cuba,sitios de cría,La Habana

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