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      PQQ Supplementation and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-Induced Heart Inflammation

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          Abstract

          SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced heart inflammation may originate from either COVID-19 infection or the administration of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. As pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a scavenger of free radicals, redox cofactor, and antioxidant which supports cognitive and mitochondrial functions, supplementation with PQQ could have a positive effect to reduce heart inflammation after COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. However, there is no evidence yet for this opportunity in the literature. Cellular and animal model results are missing. Similarly, no clinical trials have been conducted. While it is recommended to measure the levels of the cardiac biomarkers before and after COVID-19 vaccination, no recommendation can be made about supplementation with PQQ, which, however, we note has no contraindication.

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          mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology

          Norbert Pardi, Michael Hogan, Frederick W. Porter … (2018)
          mRNA vaccines represent a promising alternative to conventional vaccine approaches because of their high potency, capacity for rapid development and potential for low-cost manufacture and safe administration. However, their application has until recently been restricted by the instability and inefficient in vivo delivery of mRNA. Recent technological advances have now largely overcome these issues, and multiple mRNA vaccine platforms against infectious diseases and several types of cancer have demonstrated encouraging results in both animal models and humans. This Review provides a detailed overview of mRNA vaccines and considers future directions and challenges in advancing this promising vaccine platform to widespread therapeutic use.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1325 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease

            Kevin Clerkin, Justin Fried, Jayant Raikhelkar … (2020)
            Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting 185 countries and >3 000 000 patients worldwide as of April 28, 2020. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which invades cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Among patients with COVID-19, there is a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease, and >7% of patients experience myocardial injury from the infection (22% of critically ill patients). Although angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 serves as the portal for infection, the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers requires further investigation. COVID-19 poses a challenge for heart transplantation, affecting donor selection, immunosuppression, and posttransplant management. There are a number of promising therapies under active investigation to treat and prevent COVID-19.
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              COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives

              Masataka Nishiga, Dao Wen Wang, Yaling Han … (2020)
              Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a strain of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic that has affected the lives of billions of individuals. Extensive studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 shares many biological features with SARS-CoV, the zoonotic virus that caused the 2002 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome, including the system of cell entry, which is triggered by binding of the viral spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Clinical studies have also reported an association between COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Pre-existing cardiovascular disease seems to be linked with worse outcomes and increased risk of death in patients with COVID-19, whereas COVID-19 itself can also induce myocardial injury, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome and venous thromboembolism. Potential drug–disease interactions affecting patients with COVID-19 and comorbid cardiovascular diseases are also becoming a serious concern. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of COVID-19 from basic mechanisms to clinical perspectives, focusing on the interaction between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. By combining our knowledge of the biological features of the virus with clinical findings, we can improve our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying COVID-19, paving the way towards the development of preventative and therapeutic solutions.
              Article 0 comments Cited 625 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nat Prod Commun
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nat Prod Commun
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NPX
                Journal ID (hwp): spnpx
                Title: Natural Product Communications
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA )
                ISSN (Print): 1934-578X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1555-9475
                Publication date (Electronic): 8 March 2022
                Publication date Collection: March 2022
                Publication date PMC-release: 8 March 2022
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 3
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1934578X221080929
                Affiliations
                [1-1934578X221080929]Independent Scientist, Johnsonville Road, Johnsonville, Wellington 6037, New Zealand
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3374-0238
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_1934578X221080929
                DOI: 10.1177/1934578X221080929
                PMC ID: 8905048
                SO-VID: fdac78b1-2613-41d5-b2f9-60da5d5eaff2
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2022
                License:

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 27 November 2021
                Date accepted : 31 January 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Letter to the Editor
                Custom metadata
                typesetter ts19

                Keywords: pyrroloquinoline quinone,pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation,mrna vaccines
                Data availability:
                Keywords: pyrroloquinoline quinone, pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation, mrna vaccines

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