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      MicroRNA-486-5p and microRNA-486-3p: Multifaceted pleiotropic mediators in oncological and non-oncological conditions

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          Abstract

          Despite historically known as “junk” DNA, nowadays non-coding RNA transcripts (ncRNAs) are considered as fundamental players in various physiological and pathological conditions. Nonetheless, any alteration in their expression level has been reported to be directly associated with the incidence and aggressiveness of several diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the well-studied members of the ncRNAs family. Several reports have highlighted their crucial roles in the post-transcriptional manipulation of several signaling pathways in different pathological conditions. In this review, our main focus is the multifaceted microRNA-486 (miR-486). miR-486-5p and miR-486-3p have been reported to have central roles in several types oncological and non-oncological conditions such as lung, liver, breast cancers and autism, intervertebral disc degeneration and metabolic syndrome, respectively. Moreover, we spotted the light onto the pleiotropic role of miR-486-5p in acting as competing endogenous RNA with other members of ncRNAs family such as long non-coding RNAs.

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          Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs.

          Richard W. Carthew, Erik J. Sontheimer (2009)
          Over the last decade, approximately 20-30 nucleotide RNA molecules have emerged as critical regulators in the expression and function of eukaryotic genomes. Two primary categories of these small RNAs--short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)--act in both somatic and germline lineages in a broad range of eukaryotic species to regulate endogenous genes and to defend the genome from invasive nucleic acids. Recent advances have revealed unexpected diversity in their biogenesis pathways and the regulatory mechanisms that they access. Our understanding of siRNA- and miRNA-based regulation has direct implications for fundamental biology as well as disease etiology and treatment.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1532 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Cancer statistics, 2014.

            Rebecca Siegel, Jiemin Ma, Zhaohui Zou … (2015)
            Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data were collected by the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. A total of 1,665,540 new cancer cases and 585,720 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States in 2014. During the most recent 5 years for which there are data (2006-2010), delay-adjusted cancer incidence rates declined slightly in men (by 0.6% per year) and were stable in women, while cancer death rates decreased by 1.8% per year in men and by 1.4% per year in women. The combined cancer death rate (deaths per 100,000 population) has been continuously declining for 2 decades, from a peak of 215.1 in 1991 to 171.8 in 2010. This 20% decline translates to the avoidance of approximately 1,340,400 cancer deaths (952,700 among men and 387,700 among women) during this time period. The magnitude of the decline in cancer death rates from 1991 to 2010 varies substantially by age, race, and sex, ranging from no decline among white women aged 80 years and older to a 55% decline among black men aged 40 years to 49 years. Notably, black men experienced the largest drop within every 10-year age group. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population. © 2014 American Cancer Society, Inc.
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              Non-coding RNA networks in cancer

              Eleni Anastasiadou, Leni S Jacob, Frank J Slack (2017)
              Thousands of unique non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences exist within cells. Work from the past decade has altered our perception of ncRNAs from 'junk' transcriptional products to functional regulatory molecules that mediate cellular processes including chromatin remodelling, transcription, post-transcriptional modifications and signal transduction. The networks in which ncRNAs engage can influence numerous molecular targets to drive specific cell biological responses and fates. Consequently, ncRNAs act as key regulators of physiological programmes in developmental and disease contexts. Particularly relevant in cancer, ncRNAs have been identified as oncogenic drivers and tumour suppressors in every major cancer type. Thus, a deeper understanding of the complex networks of interactions that ncRNAs coordinate would provide a unique opportunity to design better therapeutic interventions.
              Article 0 comments Cited 651 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                R.A. Youness
                M.Z. Gad
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Noncoding RNA Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Noncoding RNA Res
                Title: Non-coding RNA Research
                Publisher: KeAi Publishing
                ISSN (Electronic): 2468-0540
                Publication date PMC-release: 09 January 2020
                Publication date Collection: March 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 January 2020
                Volume: 5
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 11-21
                Affiliations
                [a ]Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
                [b ]Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: S2468-0540(20)30010-X
                DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2020.01.001
                PMC ID: 6971376
                PubMed ID: 31993547
                SO-VID: fdc6c244-7ccb-4e76-b272-586d93fcd093
                Copyright © © 2020 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 20 September 2019
                Date revision received : 19 November 2019
                Date accepted : 5 January 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: mir-486-5p,mir-486-3p,long non-coding rnas,xist,lung cancer,breast cancer,liver cancer
                Data availability:
                Keywords: mir-486-5p, mir-486-3p, long non-coding rnas, xist, lung cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer

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