26
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Environmental parameters and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae isolated from estuarine waters of São Vicente, São Paulo state, Brazil

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Diseases transmitted by water consists a serious public health problem and enterobacteria are the main group of microorganisms responsible for outbreaks in humans. Such pathogenic bacteria proliferate in water polluted by domestic and industrial sewage and reach the population through seawater contact. The aim of the present work was to study environmental parameters as well as to identify Enterobacteriaceae species and their antimicrobial susceptibility in water samples collected from the estuarine area of São Vicente city (São Paulo State, Brazil). Strains were identified by using traditional biochemical tests described in literature and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out using the disk diffusion method. Out of 26 samples, Escherichia coli was the most frequent species (40.1%), followed by Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Klebsiella. The most effective drugs against the tested microorganisms were gentamycin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and cefepime. Since these bacteria are commonly found in seashore contaminated by sewage effluents, it can be concluded that estuarine waters of São Vicente are polluted and potentially capable of causing diseases and spreading pathogenic bacteria to human communities.

          Related collections

          Most cited references11

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The health effects of swimming in ocean water contaminated by storm drain runoff.

          Waters adjacent to the County of Los Angeles (CA) receive untreated runoff from a series of storm drains year round. Many other coastal areas face a similar situation. To our knowledge, there has not been a large-scale epidemiologic study of persons who swim in marine waters subject to such runoff. We report here results of a cohort study conducted to investigate this issue. Measures of exposure included distance from the storm drain, selected bacterial indicators (total and fecal coliforms, enterococci, and Escherichia coli), and a direct measure of enteric viruses. We found higher risks of a broad range of symptoms, including both upper respiratory and gastrointestinal, for subjects swimming (a) closer to storm drains, (b) in water with high levels of single bacterial indicators and a low ratio of total to fecal coliforms, and (c) in water where enteric viruses were detected. The strength and consistency of the associations we observed across various measures of exposure imply that there may be an increased risk of adverse health outcomes associated with swimming in ocean water that is contaminated with untreated urban runoff.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Impact of an Urban Effluent on Antibiotic Resistance of Riverine Enterobacteriaceae and Aeromonas spp.

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Marine bacteria cause false-positive results in the Colilert-18 rapid identification test for Escherichia coli in Florida waters.

              The Colilert-18 system for enumeration of total coliforms and Escherichia coli is approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for use in drinking water analysis and is also used by various agencies and research studies for enumeration of indicator organisms in fresh and saline waters. During monitoring of Pinellas County, Fla., marine waters, estimates of E. coli numbers (by Colilert-18) frequently exceeded fecal coliform counts (by membrane filtration) by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. Samples from freshwater sites did not display similar discrepancies. Fecal coliforms, including E. coli, could be cultured from 100% of yellow fluorescent wells (denoting E. coli-positive results) inoculated with freshwater samples but could be cultured from only 17.1% of the "positive" wells inoculated with marine samples. Ortho-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG)-positive or 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG)-positive noncoliform bacteria were readily cultured from Colilert-18 test wells inoculated with marine samples. Filtered cell-free seawater did not cause false positives. Coculture preparations of as few as 5 CFU of Vibrio cholerae (ONPG positive) and Providencia sp. (MUG positive) ml(-1) inoculated into Colilert-18 caused false-positive E. coli results. Salinity conditions influenced coculture results, as the concentration of coculture inoculum required to cause false positives in most wells increased from about 5 CFU ml(-1) in seawater diluted 1:10 with freshwater to approximately equal to 5,000 CFU ml(-1) in seawater diluted 1:20 with freshwater. Estimated E. coli numbers in various marine water samples processed at the 1:10 dilution ranged from 10 to 7,270 CFU.100 ml(-1), while E. coli numbers in the same samples processed at the 1:20 dilution did not exceed 40 CFU.100 ml(-1). The lower estimates of E. coli numbers corresponded well with fecal coliform counts by membrane filtration. This study indicates that assessment of E. coli in subtropical marine waters by Colilert-18 is not accurate when the recommended 1:10 sample dilution is used. The results suggest that greater dilution may diminish the false-positive problem, but further study of this possibility is recommended.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                jvatitd
                Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
                J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis
                Centro de Estudos de Venenos e Animais Peçonhentos (CEVAP/UNESP) (Botucatu, SP, Brazil )
                1678-9199
                2007
                : 13
                : 2
                : 472-478
                Affiliations
                [02] Santos São Paulo State orgnameSanta Cecília University Brazil
                [03] Botucatu São Paulo State orgnameSão Paulo State University orgdiv1Botucatu Institute of Biosciences orgdiv2Department of Microbiology and Immunology Brazil
                [01] São Vicente São Paulo State orgnameSão Paulo State University Brazil
                Article
                S1678-91992007000200006 S1678-9199(07)01300206
                10.1590/S1678-91992007000200006
                fdcb1c1d-adeb-4fb3-b22e-77e37e0a83cd

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 March 2007
                : 02 June 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Papers

                estuarine water,environmental parameters,Enterobacteriaceae,antimicrobial susceptibility

                Comments

                Comment on this article