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      Optical Sensor for Real-Time Detection of Trichlorofluoromethane

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          Abstract

          Trichlorofluoromethane was once a promising and versatile applicable chlorofluorocarbon. Unaware of its ozone-depleting character, for a long time it was globally applied as propellant and refrigerant and thus led to significant thinning of the ozone layer and contributed to the formation of the so-called ozone hole. Although production and application of this substance were gradually reduced at an early stage, we still face the consequences of its former careless use. Today, trichlorofluoromethane is released during recycling processes of waste cooling devices, traded on the black market, and according to recent findings still illegally manufactured. Here, we present an optical sensor device for real-time in-situ detection and measurement of this environmentally harmful chlorofluorocarbon. The described sensor is based on a planar Bragg grating that is functionalized with cyclodextrin derivatives and operates on the principle of a chemical sensor. In our study, the sensor is sensitized using per-methyl-, per-ethyl-, and per-allyl-substituted α -, β -, and γ -cyclodextrins as affinity materials for airborne trichlorofluoromethane. These functional coatings have been proven to be highly efficient, as an up to 400-times stronger signal deflection could be achieved compared to an identical but uncoated sensor. The presented sensor device shows instantaneous response to trichlorofluoromethane exposure, and features a limit-of-detection of less than 25 ppm, depending on the applied affinity material.

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          Most cited references43

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          Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction

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            Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom-catalysed destruction of ozone

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              Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                02 February 2019
                February 2019
                : 19
                : 3
                : 632
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Applied Laser and Photonics Group, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, 63743 Aschaffenburg, Germany; ralf.hellmann@ 123456h-ab.de
                [2 ]Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany; waldvogel@ 123456uni-mainz.de
                Author notes
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                sensors-19-00632
                10.3390/s19030632
                6386819
                30717349
                fdce9152-f2df-4363-85f1-b098d2de631a
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 20 December 2018
                : 30 January 2019
                Categories
                Article

                Biomedical engineering
                bragg grating,sensor,supramolecular chemistry,cyclodextrin,trichloroflouromethane

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