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      Perceived Social Support among Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims

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      Journal of Youth and Adolescence
      Springer Nature

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          Overt and relational aggression in adolescents: social-psychological adjustment of aggressors and victims.

          Examined the relative and combined associations among relational and overt forms of aggression and victimization and adolescents' concurrent depression symptoms, loneliness, self-esteem, and externalizing behavior. An ethnically diverse sample of 566 adolescents (55% girls) in Grades 9 to 12 participated. Results replicated prior work on relational aggression and victimization as distinct forms of peer behavior that are uniquely associated with concurrent social-psychological adjustment. Victimization was associated most closely with internalizing symptoms, and peer aggression was related to symptoms of disruptive behavior disorder. Findings also supported the hypothesis that victims of multiple forms of aggression are at greater risk for adjustment difficulties than victims of one or no form of aggression. Social support from close friends appeared to buffer the effects of victimization on adjustment.
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            Children's treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression

            Past research on peer victimization has focused on maltreatment through overtly aggressive behaviors. Although a relational form of aggression has been identified in recent research, studies of the victims of relational aggression have not yet been conducted. The present research was designed as a first attempt to address this issue. Four goals were pursued ( n = 474; third- through sixth-grade children): (a) development of a self-report measure of victimization through relational and overt aggression; (b) assessment of the relation between overt victimization and relational victimization; (c) assessment of gender, grade, and sociometric status group differences in victimization; and (d) evaluation of the relation between victimization and social-psychological adjustment. Results showed that the newly developed victimization measure had favorable psychometric properties and that most of the identified victims were the targets of cither relational or overt aggression, but not both. Further, rejected children were more relationally and overtly victimized than their better accepted peers, and boys were more overtly victimized than girls. Finally, relational victimization, overt victimization, and the lack of prosocial treatment by peers were all significantly related to social-psychological adjustment difficulties (e.g., depression, loneliness).
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              Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Youth and Adolescence
                J Youth Adolescence
                Springer Nature
                0047-2891
                1573-6601
                October 23 2007
                December 13 2006
                : 36
                : 8
                : 984-994
                Article
                10.1007/s10964-006-9153-3
                fdd2b3d2-53f7-4d7c-a83c-a007525656ce
                © 2007
                History

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